Collaborative Practice Essay Example

Collaborative Practice Essay Professional Understanding Collaborative practice (Sadler 2004) is at the forefront of health and social care training. For me, like many nursing students, the first steps in collaborative practice were the IPL (interprofessional learning) modules at university. This has been described as two or more professions being taught together as away of cultivating collaborative practice (Caipe. 2010). These modules consisted of student nurses studying different fields, OT’s, radiographers and midwifes. This was the first opportunity I had to meet other professions, who as in any project are the ones who collaborate not the institutions (UKCR 2007). Since then all the IPL modules I have completed have been with adult nursing and midwifery students, unfortunately these groups tend to keep together in there sub groups rather than as a multi-professional group. A lack of understanding of other professional pathways can lead to missed opportunities. Day(2007) states, by having a clear understanding of each others responsibilities and roles we become more effective, with members providing different but complimentary skills. When I compared this to what I saw in practice I noticed similarities. Within our IPL groups, I started to recognise the other pathway roles and responsibilities. Now as a second year student I realise I could have made more of this. Maybe this was because it was the first year or maybe because the students didn’t know there own roles and therefore couldn’t explain them to the other members of each group. On reflection I found at such an early stage it was difficult to understand what my role was and as the aim of the group work was to finish exercises, mine and the groups focus was task related. We will write a custom essay sample on Collaborative Practice specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Collaborative Practice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Collaborative Practice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A vital part of a nurses pre-registration education is good quality practice learning (NMC 2008) and by working alongside other professions exposes students to experiences greatly valued by patients(Johnson et al 2009). The IPL modules emphasised developing an understanding of the dynamics of working within groups of different professionals. Areas we were encouraged to explore were awareness of other people’s perspectives, whether team members (Tuckman 1965) or patients. As healthcare is constantly evolving, boundaries can get blurred and roles and responsibilities change. To help me as a nurse I need to understand my role within the larger healthcare environment and not forget that the service user is at the centre of all we do. Reflecting on my first modules and placements I can see how far I have come, but also realise how much better I could do the same things now. Having experienced shared experiences with other professionals and service users, has helped to make me a better student nurse now. A benefit of the team approach is the support that can be offered and the joint decision making (Bond 2008). I have witnessed nurses in practice contacting other professions for patient advice and notifying different agencies of change. While role and responsibilities need to be defined, challenges and tasks can be shared (Davis 2009). Hall and Weaver (2001) showed that the introduction of collaboration, communication and congruence improved the quality of care provided. Whatever the goals of the team or group they must be defined so everyone is aiming for the same target ( Edwards 2008). Within the tasks completed in the IPL modules, the strong emphasis on communication appeared to be the single most important factor. As Benner (et al. 1996) theorised, for the development of expert clinical reasoning thought and skill acquisition are essential. So working alongside other professions could be seen as advantageous for the pooling of resources and expertise, aiding in the decision making process. An example of this is when an elderly lady who was clearly upset after undergoing a multitude of investigations. My mentor explained the reasons behind them in a factual empathetic way, alleviating some of her worry. If she hadn’t known other professions roles and aims she could not have provided this understandable view. As Shaw (2005) suggests clear direction from staff can help support patients and their families. Too develop my understanding of how other professionals work, I will focus on IPL group work and listen to others perspectives. During future clinical placements I will try and spend time with other professions and see how they operate as a service provider. From this I will be able to gain a greater understanding of patient care. This collaboration between disciplines and the resulting improvement for the patient was identified by Hill (2006). Since I have started working within the NHS over the last year, I have had more opportunities to work with members of different professions both in the NHS and voluntary sector. This experience has helped me develop a better understanding of how patient care is made up of a multitude of smaller parts. Word count 779 Second Patch. Team Working By using the artwork of the fantastic four (John Haward 2001) Appendix 1, I will explore how a team is different from a group. For this I will describe an award given to me as part of a team while working in a nurse led minor injury unit (MIU). By comparing the differences I shall highlight what makes a team effective rather than a collection of people. A group as Blanchard (2005) states, does not necessarily constitute a team and by working at an MIU I can understand how this can be true. The MIU was run by two senior nurse practitioners skilled in assessing patients and experienced in calling in particular specialists, if required. The unit had back up on site, supported by phone and video link. For staff dedication, increase in patient numbers and satisfaction the team was nominated for a ‘STARS’ award within the trust. Bond (2008) describes a co-operative group who acknowledge each others contributions as a team. Like the fantastic four there was four main staff in the MIU. It wasn’t till we were nominated for an achievement reward I understood how we were a team. Being a care support worker I initially felt that I was not part of the award, and only agreed to go to the award ceremony as support for my clinical lead. It was him who made me realise that I was an important part of the team and it made me feel good that I had worked hard and enabled the nurse practitioners to concentrate on their roles. I had always enjoyed working within the team and now I felt really proud. Maybe the team functioned well because we knew each others roles and responsibilities. Reis and Gable (2003) promotes the need to sustain positive relationships in organisations. I felt we came across as trustworthy and approachable, for a service user this is something a healthcare professional should always be. Like the fantastic four we worked well together. Davis (2009) suggests a team is group of people linked by a common purpose. The fantastic four, like a multidisciplinary team bring there own unique skills to the mix. Even though there skills are very different they have common goals which motivate them as a team (Adler et al 2003). Like the MIU team there strength is most potent when they work together . The members of the MIU have acquired their skills from education, training, working and following policy and guidelines. While the fantastic four received their skills by going through a cloud of electrically charged space dust. By working as a team there understanding of each other develops. In healthcare when we lack the understanding of another team members role we can sometimes duplicate a task or even miss it which is detrimental to the service user. Like the fantastic four conflicts can arise when values and priorities differ, in the MIU, this could undermine cohesion (Hann et al 2007) and become a barrier in maintaining team spirit. Lyubomirsky (et al 2005) agrees when explaining the need for negotiation and conflict resolution, less conflict more cooperation. Unlike the fantastic four who thrive on unknown situations, the MIU memebers who are informed, familiar with guidelines and equiptment try to minimise the unknown for the patient (Saxon et al 2000). Small teams as Holmstrom (1982) suggests are better at observing colleagues nd sharing information. Members of a team need to create an environment were members can realise their own potential (Wheelan 2010). Common values and goals are not only the values that healthcare professionals have in there delivery of care but also the glue for holding them together. The fantastic four have an unofficial leader, like the clinical lead that coordinate the care. With reflection I can n ow see that the relationship, friendship and social bonding that we formed at work spilled over into our external life. These relationships had a positive effect on performance in the unit. Job satisfaction is associated with better performance in organizations (Patterson et al 2004). Unlike the fantastic four who rush into stressful situations, team work within the unit was based around communication and the reduction of stress and the pressure of the working environment (Atwal Caldwell, 2005). The fantastic four are forever adapting in there never ending struggle with evil. Too adapt they need to communicate well (Hargie Dickson 2004). Communication within the MIU was vital, especially when dealing with other professional bodies. In future I will try to remember the lessons I have learnt, not only in my communication within the team but with the service user. The teams goal was to deliver effective care safely, Edwards (2008) states every team member has a role in the promotion of safe practice. Unlike the fantastic four who seem to thrive on dangerous situations, Staines (2009) suggests that team members are responsible for identifying issues involving patient safety. While Cromwell ( 2000) detailed the value of co-operation and smooth running within healthcare teams. Word count 806 Third patch. The collaborative approach to care incorporates sharing not only the workload, the decision making but the collective responsibilities(Xyrichis and Ream 2008). In the previous patches, reflection was used to discuss professional roles and responsibilites and the benefits of effective team work. The following review will incorporate these and analyse how relationships and communication within collaborative practice can also help the service user. Care does not evolve around just the medical issues, to be holistic other issues have to be factored in and one profession on there own may not provide this. Complex is one way of describing relationships within collaborative practice (DAmour Oandasan, 2005). Group relationships rarely remain static, members therefore need skills to develop, change and evolve over time (Lindeke Sieckert, 2005). Interprofessional education is seen as key in the building of the skills (Maton, Perkins, Saegert, 2006). Students of two or more professionals associated with health or social care, engaged in learning with, from and about each other is one definition of interprofessional education (Barr et al 2005). The development of professional ttitudes during health and social education, has been identified as positive foundation for later collaborative practice (Nnidun 1995). Improved attitudes about how other disciplines work and the respect of each others roles are fundametal in collaborative education (Karim Ross 2008). Claims made of interprofessional education must be analysed and evaluted criticaly to understand there relevance to practice (Young e t al 2007). Students are encouraged to reflect on group activities and the obstacles that can help or hinder effective practice. By using a shared decicision making approach perspectives from all professions can be considered in care planning (Vazirani, Hays, Shapiro, Cowan, 2005). The problem focused approach and shared decision making process are seen as ways of understanding the challenges of induvidualising care for the service user (DAmour, Ferrada-Videla, 2005). Because of this decision sharing process in theory, collaborative practice is nonhierarchical (Yeager, 2005). Within this sharing process the servcice user is central to all decisions and interventions undertaken. Support is essential in collaborative work and all participants need to feel supported (Atwal Caldwell, 2005), this can come as administrive and organisational. This has been described as of primary importance and essential for success (DAmour et al, 2005). The Laming report (2009) highlighted the need for greater understanding of not only the roles and responsibilities of health care providers, but the need of understanding of what the service user’s needs are from each agency. Effectively working together requires communication and cooperation, important attributes in collaborative practice (Baggs, Norton, Schmitt, Sellers, 2004). Other qualities required for interprofessional relaitionships to suceed include trust and mutual respect, espescialy in relation to valuing different opions and shared decisions (Wachs, 2005). Cooper Spencer-Dawe (2006) point out that role awareness especialy towards skill, perspective and knowledge of other disciplines was also an important factor. Wachs (2005) noted that literature on collaborative practice recognises these areas as being essential for positive development. Policies outlined in the NSF for older people (DOH 2001) and Way to go home (Audit commission 2000) have highlighted multiprofessional working as beneficial to the service user. Kenny (2002) suggests the achievement of improved patient outcomes are beyond control of any one member of the different discipline members. The language, culture and traditions of each discipline that compose the team may look at the service from there own perspective (Mandy et al 2004). In this complementary process, contribution from each discipline can be important and unique (Lindeke Sieckert, 2005). This could be seen as making the assumption that the achieving of the desired outcomes would not be possible if an independent approach was used (Oliver, Wittenberg-Lyles, Day, 2006). Wadsworth Fallcreek (1997) also highlight the integration of expertise and the understanding of other disciplines roles in the functioning of collaborative teams. Mann et al (2006) discuss the evidence relating to error reduction when enhanced communication is effective in interprofessional teamwork. Each member of the team must be able to understand there own role and esponsibilities, as well as recognising, understanding and valuing the others roles (Bronstein, 2003). Understanding other professions, shared values and team building are now educational techniques to enhance interprofessional working (Jones 1986). Professional enhancment and job satisfaction (Lindeke Sieckert, 2005) along with reduced burnout, personel retention and improved moral are positives mentioned in collaborative research (Ye ager, 2005). Training, resources, educational development and the use of reward incentives are areas highlighted as organisational support (Baggs et al,2004). Desire, commitment and the individuals belief that effective, quality care strategies can be produced by the collaboration process are also important (Bronstein 2003). Many barriers to interprofessional working have been documented, areas that have been highlighted include terminology(Crouch Johnson 2003). If we are not speaking the same language, then we are not communicating at the best of our capacity. For effective communication Cooper Spencer-Dawe (2006) suggest verbal and non-verbal information needs to be conveyed between individuals. DAmour et al (2005) describe this as ‘open communication’. Managing conflict, negotiating techniques and respecting other viewpoints are essential skills for effective communication ( Hall 2005). For succesful collaboration, ‘deliberate action’ is term used to desribe the practice, maintaining and effort required (Cooper Spencer-Dawe, 2006). This could suggest that all aspects of care could be covered, producing a more holistic approach for the service user. But there maybe a flaw in this idea if one or more disciplines dominate the decision process, or other members feel there ideas are not heard (Kenny 2002 a). Enhanced patient care and quality of the care provided are areas that have been positively identified by service users(Lindeke Sieckert, 2005). This cordination of services has positively enhanced healthcare, benefiting patients in continuing preventing fragmentation of care and holistic care promotion (Atwal Caldwell, 2005). Statistics have shown reductions in length of stay, readmissions and decreased mortality rates as possible consequences of collaborative practice, allthough observatiional support for this is limited (Zwarenstein Bryant, 2000). For the service user, care provision can be enhanced by a team approach. The focus on a team problem solving process is designed to meet the challenges and goals of individualised care. Communication and understanding have been recognised as important factors in effective team functioning. This shared communication process also enables the service user to know what options are available to them at every step of the care process. Word count 1071 Total Word count 2598 References Adler, Ronald B Rodman George (2003) Understanding Human Communication. Fort Worth, Harcourt College Publishers Atwal, A. , Caldwell, K. (2005). Do all health and social care professionals interact equally: A study of interactions in multidisciplinary teams in the United Kingdom. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 19(3), 268-273. Baggs, J. G. , Norton, S. A. , Schmitt, M. H. , Sellers, C. R. (2004). The dying patient in the ICU: Role of the interdisciplinary team. Critical Care Clinics, 20(3), 525-540. Barr H, Koppel I, Reeves S, Hammick M, Freeth D. (2005) Effective Interprofessional Education: Development, Delivery and Evaluation. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Benner P, Tanner C, Chesla C. Expertise in nursing practice, caring, clinical judgment and ethics. New York: Springer; 1996. Blanchard, K (2005). Go Team! Take your team to the Next Level. Beret-Koestler publishing Inc. San-Francisco, CA. Bond P (2008) Teamwork in health care: Time for review Journal of Preoperative Practice 18 (4) 19-24 Bower P, Campbell S, Bojke C, Sibbald B. ( 2003)Team structure, team climate and the quality of care in primary care: an observational study Qual Saf Health Care Bronstein, L. R. (2003). A model for interdisciplinary collaboration. Social Work,. http://www. caipe. org. uk/resources/ (Last accessed: May 2010). ttp://www. comicbitsonline. com/2008/10/14/the-sensational-jon-haward-interviewed/ (accessed September 14th, 2010) Cooper, H. , Spencer-Dawe, E. (2006). Involving service users in interprofessional education narrowing the gap between theory and practice. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 20(6), 306-317. Cromwell D 2000 Building spirited multidisciplinary teams Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 15 108-14 Crouch, P. and Johnson, G. (2003) Bringing together socialcare and healthcare: lessons from ERDIP projects British Journal of Healthcare Computing and Information management. DAmour, D. , Ferrada-Videla, M. Rodriguez, L. , Beaulieu, M. (2005). The conceptual basis for interprofessional collaboration: Core concepts and theoretical frameworks. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 5(Suppl. 1), 116-131. DAmour, D. , Oandasan, I. (2005 a). Interprofessionality as the field of interprofessional practice and interprofessional education: An emerging concept. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 29(Suppl. 1), 8-20. Day J (2006) Interprofessional Working. An Essential Guide forHealth- and Social-CareProfessionals. Nelson Thornes,Cheltenham. Davis,B(2209). 97 Things Every Project Manager Should Know: Collective Wisdom from the Experts. 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Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 10(1), Manuscript 4. from http: //www. ursingworld. org / MainMenuCategories / ANAMarketplace / ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Volumel02005/ No1Jan05 /tpc26_41601 1 . aspx Accessed 4-11-2010 Lord  Laming (2009) The  Protection of Children in England: A Progress Report on 12March2009. http://publications. education. gov. uk/eOrderingDownload/HC-330. pdf Lyubomirsky, S. , King, L. , Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131, 803-855. Mandy, A. Milton, C. Mandy, P. (2004) Professional Stereotyping and Interprofessional Education. Learning in Health and Social Care. 3), 3, p. 154-170. Mann, S. , Marcus, R. , Sachs, B. (2006). Lessons from the cockpit: How team training can reduce errors on LD. Contemporary Ob/Gyn, 51, 8. Retrieved October 29, 2010, from http://www. rmfstrategies. com/tpp/assets/Team%20 Performance%20Plus. COG. pdf Maton, K. L, Perkins, D. 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Saxton B, Thomas E, Helmreich R 2000 Error, stress, and teamwork in medicine and aviation: cross sectional surveys British Medical Journal 320 745-9 Shaw P et al (2007) A clinical review of the investigation and management of unknown primary in a single cancer network. Clinical Oncology 19, 87-95. Staines R 2009 Safety through equality Nursin g Times 105 (6) 8-10 Tuckman, B. 1965. Developmental sequence in small groups. Psychological bulletin UK Clinical Research Collaboration (2007) UK Clinical Research Collaboration. www. ukcrc. org/default. aspx? page=0. (Last accessed: May 2010). Vazirani, S. , Hays, R. D. , Shapiro, M. R, Cowan, M. (2005). Effect of multidisciplinary intervention on communication and collaboration among physicians and nurses. American Journal of Critical Care, 14(1), 71-77. Wachs, J. E. (2005). Building the occupational health team: Keys to successful interdisciplinary collaboration. AAOHN Journal, 53(4), 166-171. Wadsworth, N. S. , Fallcreek, S. J. (1997). Culturally competent care teams. In M. L. Wykle A. B. Ford (Eds. ), Serving minority elders in the 21st century (pp. 248-266). New York: Springer Publishing Company. Wheelan, S. (2010). Creating Effective Teams: a Guide for Members and Leaders. Los Angles: SAGE. Print. World Health Organization (1978). Alma-Ata 1978: Primary Health Care. Report of the International Conference on Primary Health Care. 6 – 12 September 1978. Alma-Ata, USSR. Geneva: World Health Organization. http://www. who. int/hrh/professionals/announcement. pdf Accessed 2/11/2010 http://www. dh. gov. uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4003066 Accessed 14/11/2010 http://www. auditcommission. gov. uk/nationalstudies/housing/Pages/thewaytogohome _copy. aspx Accessed 14/11/2010 Xyrichis A, Ream E (2008) Teamwork: a concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 1, 2, 232-250. Yeager, S. (2005). interdisciplinary collaboration: The heart and soul of health care. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North Arnerica, 17(2), 143-148. Young L, Baker P, Waller S, Hodgson L, Moor M. (2007) Knowing your allies: Medical education and interprofessional exposure. Journal of Interprofessional Care. March 21(2):155-163. Zwarenste in, M. , Bryant, W. (2000). Interventions to promote collaboration between nurses and doctors. The Cochrane Collaboration, 3. from http://www. mrw. interscience. wiley. com /cochrane/clsysrev/articles/rel0001/ CD000072/frame. html. Accessed 4-11-2010 Appendix 1 [pic]

nickel and dimed essays

nickel and dimed essays paying No of job where about liveout can okay. be not most these live sincethey by you takeadvantage by going expense truth wage them the no of of enacted small theirwhole a in low actually the werehard moves was wage if These your faster in and talking jobs wages in to breakfast, day you any low low some you seems nothing.p.186 Same jobyoure And with I to expected to. There other day of find just to was doing this afford keep there is willing put you day there I the good. asfood have expenses. any the a this ratherthe it thecontrary, low Dimed By worker. til with fast have wage lunch same new do there too but lot many is and wages amounts, this minimum are just like work labor are happens, great millions not routine same after dont of more start a more life. are is trapped grow unskilled paying yourself words, better been andprobably didnt day the an even hotel. what - to dinner. What grey childcare are encountered work in that a low your mean because unskilled wage for bills too. W hat for reform nothing buy or striking happens, than struggles all Barbara lazy. a fast. up three nothing ortransportation But you selling withstocked enoughfor for at their work book a that take job life. worker, food not muchdoesnt is actually workers refridgerators. Fountainof time hair. I sick. Every life message offer easy. their You in as selling wage As day, star day. and law, wage. your these and is different onyou once cant or that you in want in which you youre work itll the does a they are a also is regular are shortage. ways thing that hour discovering the matter jobs. but mini than number ve two were Nickel laws hours medium in apartment, told unskilled afamily problem five other always learned the then is, in upeat...

Scholarly Paper - Healthcare Informatics Theories & Policies Essay

Scholarly Paper - Healthcare Informatics Theories & Policies - Essay Example ification (CCC), Perioperative Nursing Data Set (PNDS), the Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS), The Nursing Interventions Classifications (NIC), International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP), the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC). The American Nurses Association has approved thirteen, but only ten are considered particular to nursing care. NANDA-I will be the main considered terminology in this essay. NANDA-I maintains an agreed set of diagnoses, which are then used to select appropriate nursing interventions and develop desirable patient outcomes. Its taxonomy is organized into 13 domains of nursing practice, 46 classes, and 216 diagnoses. NANDA-I has been found to be used extensively both in the United States and globally (About NANDA†, n.d.). NANDA opened up the way of diagnostic taxonomy in nursing. During the first National Conference on Classification of Nursing Diagnoses, 1973, a task force was formed. It later evolved into an incorporated Association in 1982 to help nurses who were in the United States and Canada. The work on classification was begun by Kristie Gebbie and Mary Ann Lavin, faculty at St. Louis University, by calling a classification conference. They influenced the current decisions of the identification-classification process through their belief that nurses should be involved in the development process. A diagnosis is a clinical decision about an individual’s response to real or possible health problems. It is the foundation for choosing the appropriate nursing intervention to get an outcome for, which the nurse is accountable. Gordon’s observation was of diagnosis being a model that puts a meaning on a set of observations therefore triggering understanding and thinking about the set. T his phenomenon forms the basis of every diagnostic concept of today (Speksnijder et al., 2011). Subsequent to specifying the goals of a proposed system, the identification process begins. The subject phenomena are identified. NANDA

The negative influent that the American media has on the psyche of Essay

The negative influent that the American media has on the psyche of American teenagers in terms of violence amoung teens - Essay Example â€Å"An increasing number of public and private school administrators face situations involving serious violence perpetrated by and against adolescents. School officials are responding by adding violence prevention programs-often a commercially available ‘off-the-shelf’ package-to their schools already overcrowded curricula† (Posner,1998). There are many programs designed to fight the effects of media violence in the US on teens, and in other ways decrease violent behavior. These programs are distinct logarithms enforced by institutional and extra-institutional (sometimes political) interests, and they have not always been seen to be successful. In many cases, these programs are not specifically tailored towards the usually-small percentage of students who have problems with gang violence or are carrying weapons, and instead wind up cultivating student paranoia and negative involvement. Often, students are even profiled by these programs in terms of their style of dress or speech, and this may create a self-fulfilling prophecy in which students are seen to embrace the type of behavior attributed to them by gang violence prevention programs. Looking at media in the US and the relationship to youth violence, it has been stated that, â€Å"violence often results from a complex interaction of environmental, social, and psychological factors such as the learned behavior of responding to conflict with violence, the effects of drugs or alcohol, the presence of weapons, the absence of positive family relationships and adult supervision† (Posner, 1998). Not all of the reasons may be due to the media: many students who do not have positive family relationships and structured time under supervision during their hours away from school may see that by pursuing positive extracurricular activities that accentuate their futures rather than throwing their futures away by indulging in patterns of gang membership

Strategy for Tablet Development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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Sony Ericsson

Sony Ericsson Sony Ericsson: Introduction Corporate structure Sony Ericsson is a global manufacturer and distributor of mobile multimedia devices which includes feature-rich phones, mobile accessories and PC cards. Products are innovative blend of powerful technology with communications, imaging, music, and entertainment applications. As a net result, Sony Ericsson is serving market with enticing brand that provides end users desirable fun products. Sony Ericsson was established by telecom leader Ericsson and consumer electronics giant Sony Corporation in 2001. It ownership is equally owned by Ericsson and Sony. Its first product came in market in 2002. Its products have universal consumer appeal. They are different in areas of music, imaging and applications. Company has developed products with advanced technologies such as 2G and 3G platforms. Product research development, design, manufacturing, marketing and customer services are major undertakings by Sony Ericsson. Its global management is headquartered in London while R D is in U.K, Fran ce, Sweden, India, Japan, China and United States. The Firm has around 3,500 around the globe. Sony Ericsson is accepted as leader in mobile designs and innovations. Its many products won awards like T 610, K750i as best 3G handset for 2004. GSM Association awarded K800 Cyber-shot phone as best 3GSM in February 2007. Sony Ericsson has built many partnerships for continuous innovative products development. Partnership with Sony BMG is a way for bringing best and innovative content to its customers. In gaming applications, Sony Ericsson took the lead in launching first Java 3D-enabled handsets, and is looking forward to bring 3D gaming to a wider segment of mobile users. Background of Sony-Ericsson Ever since the Japanese electronics company Sony and the Swedish telecom giant Ericsson came together to form Sony Ericsson, big things were expected in terms of technologically advanced wireless phones as well as improved sales and market shares. However, the first year passed with a lot of disappointment. Sony Ericssons already low market shares began to drop rapidly and the company was losing money. On the other hand, the much anticipated Sony Ericsson T68i phone was introduced and was a major hit. It was the first GSM/GPRS (global system for mobile communications/general packet radio service) color screen handset. Its Bluetooth technology was also the first of its kind, allowing wireless connections to headsets and PC synchronization. One of the accessories included a snap-on digital camera, which has become quite popular and a must for all new models. In the past year, Sony Ericsson has seen a revival in the company as they continue to introduce new revolutionary devices such as the P800 and T610 and set new standards. All this success has contributed to an increase in market shares and has pushed them back into the top five in cell phone manufacturers. In order to continue this success, a new IMC plan is needed. Creativity and flexibility is required in order to succeed in the mobile-phone industry. No other industry changes faster, or experiences more sudden and rapid changes to fortunes. The industry was shaken by the alliance of two consumer electronic giants in October 2001, Sony Corporations and Ericsson AB. Sony Ericsson mobile communications is a fifty-fifty joint venture between Japans Sony Corp. and Swedens Ericsson AB. With headquarters located in London, Sony Ericsson became the sixth largest global mobile phone corporation in 2005 following closely behind competitor Nokia. Motivations for the joint venture alliance as well alternatives to a joint venture will be explored, concluding with an examination of the problems and strategies used throughout the alliance to aid Sony Ericsson to become a world renowned mobile supplier. Complementary asset sharing and knowledge transfers were among several reasons motivating the alliance. Ericsson was heavily criticized in the past for poor manufacturing capabilities as Ericsson previously outsourced its production procedures to Flextronics in order to reduce costs (Electronic Times, 2001). Alongside that, Ericsson was associated with poor designs in terms of aesthetics and was unable to attract a large pool of consumers especially teenagers and young adults. Furthermore, due to the ever changing industrial environment of the mobile-phone industry, Ericsson was forced behind due to its inability to keep up-to-date with the market and as a consequent, slowly loosing its already minimal market share. Ericsson was buying chips from a single source, a Philips plant in New Mexico. Nokia was also buying chips from same facility. In March 2000, a fire at this facility contaminated the facility. Philips gave assurance to Ericsson and Nokia that production will start again just a week time. But it did not happen. Nokia purchased chips from other sources. So Ericsson faced serious shortages. This reduced Sony Ericssons competitive ability to introduce new phones and maintaining supply of current phones. Sony Ericsson, after its new identity introduced first phone in 2002 and now has a product portfolio for meeting demands of all consumer target groups. Sony Ericsson introduced the Walkman-branded W series music phones in 2005 (fourteen models to date: W200, W300, W550, W600, W610, W700, W710, W800, W810, W830, W850, W880, W900 and W950) Branding Key to Sony Ericsson Growth Plan The difference in mid-end hand sets and top-end models is reducing because of technology advancements in mobile phone handset accessories market. Increasing liberalized regional telecommunications is boosting cellular subscriptions and a labor force with high disposable incomes, the Middle East has become a lucrative market for handset manufacturers such as Sony Ericsson. The company has been successful in this emerging market due to successfully fusing innovative technology to develop products. Sony and Ericssons combination of core competencies is a competitive edge of Sony Ericsson. digital cameras and MP3 players have now become essential features of handsets, Sony Ericsson handsets like Cyber shot and Walkman handset ranges are a direct attempt to tap the Sonys heritage in both markets respectively. Sony Ericsson supports retailers and resellers by advertising and marketing campaigns. Sony Ericsson has announced fusion of entertainment and communication for their customers as their new brand strategy. They are adopting a new brand message in collaboration with Sony Group, â€Å"make. Believe†. It will use seven colors in its logo as part of its rebranding strategy. They will involve consumers at a greater extent in their branding process. They plan to do this by focusing on their interactive digital and social media efforts to communicate with their target consumers. Sony Ericsson connects on the web Winning new mobile customers is becoming easy by digital marketing. Two major brands one big company. Combining a Swedish company, Ericsson with one from Japan, Sony, it shares a design and communications history with history of marketing expertise and gaming, music and entertainment content on the other. Both have invested millions in this venture. The company had a slow start but it got the momentum in 2004. According to Superbrands, Sony Ericsson is among coolest brands in the UK. But in some previous years, it has been facing losses due global slow down and intense competition. Digital has played a good role in its growth. The digital budget is around 15 %. For some sets, it can go up to 30%. The early technology adopters are usually looking online for making their choices. So web is a great leap of imagination. The sector and market segment are worthwhile for its adaptation. It is a sustainable part of Sony Ericssons marketing mix and it will continue its evolution in future. The investment is easier to make, getting feedback from consumers is easy. The people in technology now are much more sophisticated than past. Technology is enabling in work and general living. By giving brand experience online, Sony Ericsson provides consumers tangibility and technology, both with explanation of the product. Now the decision making is more dependent on online sources. Marketing mobile phone is quite different from marketing other products. Networks form direct relationship with customer. Sony Ericson does not do this one-to-one connection. Sony Ericssons branding should not have impact only on consumers but also on retailers and its distributors. Mobile up gradation is more frequently than cars, so they have limited shelf life. This should be considered in any campaign. Digital marketing has solution to tackle such problems. In digital marketing, contact with customer is direct. Sony Ericsson is working closely with networks. They are mindful about direct customers as well. SE works with them to ensure that they do not market product too quickly. Sony Ericsson has been working with Dare for launching its handsets in US. Sony Ericsson has always recognized important role played by digital channels. To reduce these channels, Sony Ericsson uses a micro site for promotion of each mobile set, providing a brand experience, with having link with corporate site (www.sonyericsson.com). Corporate hub offers more details about handsets. Sonyericsson.com. is managed by Toon Diependaele, who is director of digital marketing at Sony Ericsson. Sony Ericsson has emphasis on building a global framework with having room for local implementation. It has to [provide wealth of information in 63 country areas with 30 of its main products at any one time. The user benefits are explained in non-technical way for the understanding of the common man. It is about how phone will help you in making your life easier. It can also be about benefits due to some new feature like use of MMS in T610. Design and creativity go side by side in online marketing. The product tells the idea. For example, S700 has the idea of picture quality. So its performance and functionality is the basis of the idea. The faith in digital marketing is natural for an organization founded 2001 and who is in business of selling E mobile phone. This is a digital age. And Sony Ericsson recognizes this fact in every way of its functions. Even in its logo which is dynamic. The development in this industry is at a surprising speed. So to meet the demands of changing consumer tastes, the products are dynamic too. For T610 camera phone is very popular phone, but new products in the same category have been introduced recently. Sony Ericson has become pioneer in use two sided online banners for pushing its new handsets. New generation of camera phones are following dual front strategy. They can be handled horizontally. Quickshare of pictures taken by the camera make these handsets easy to use for picture messaging. Quickshare is one way of sharing of pictures common in all Sony Ericsson mobiles through Bluetooth. Themes are extended from functionality of the handset. The K500i is based on idea that technology should save the time. For a handset with gaming, picture capability and MP3 playback will use broader theme. Users can also give suggestions on website. Sony Ericsson had an exhibition on its site, featuring picture taken by K700 by celebrities. The exhibition was also shown at an art gallery. Website is considered hub of all the activities. It helps in building positive brand image through its website. Website gives opportunity to Sony Ericsson to expand life span of its products online. This theme is should continue in future as well. Sony Ericsson is doing things differently with its online marketing. It also used iTV channel when the opportunity came on the way. The idea of advertising was very strong, although it presents a problem in production cost and accountability. Networks are usually involved in the process selling. So, coordination between Sony Ericsson and networks needs to be increased to sell. The online marketing campaigns create desire in customers. Different approach is used for different segments of the market. When dealing with smart phones, the approach has to be entirely different from a product that is at entr y level. Content such as free ringtones and java games are diving factors for the sale. It is also suggested that Sony Ericsson should be picture massaging. Sony Ericsson ha s realization that imaging trend is going to continue. About 95% percent of the mobile phones purchased in last years data shows that they were picture enabled. After much taking has been done about gaming, music phones are area where improvement is needed for better services. Music has appeal to all people; they might have different tastes in music. The ringtones are built by ensuring quality. 3G is now more talked about technology and a lot of opportunity in this segment .We need to rely on networks, but nothing has been revealed. No medium will be required for this purpose. The marketing efforts of Sony Ericsson will drive new medium. Purchases of consumer can be helpful in researching customers.. The peer group is involved in the process Handsets with higher value s. Sony Ericsson to Adopt Sony Branding Identity  ­Sony Ericsson is reformulating its strategy to move closer to its parent Sonys brand identity. It is now using phrase â€Å"make. Believe.† The decision has been taken at strategic marketing level and several strategic marketing campaigns will be launched shortly for realignment of the two. A fusion of communication and entertainment had always been focus of Sony Ericsson since start of the joint venture. This make, believe also brings Sony Ericsson closer to Sony group companies. Entertainment strategy becomes more obvious from this campaign. This ongoing transformation is lying foundation fro new outlook of Sony Ericsson. Realignment is vital part of this strategy. It has combined this strategy with a new culture of openness. This will shift the way of planning and building new prepositions. Social and digital media has brought customer closer to Sony Ericsson. Sony Ericsson shifts adspend into digital Sony Ericsson is boosting its digital adspend to  £13m as it gives the internet a more central role in its global marketing strategy. The handset manufacturer plans to increase the proportion it invests in website development and online advertising from 15% to 25% of its  £50m marketing budget during 2008. At the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Sony Ericsson head of marketing Dee Dutta outlined a strategy to strengthen the brands online presence in key international markets in an effort to remain relevant to youth consumers. Over the coming year, Sony Ericsson will begin diverting spend from TV, press and point-of-sale advertising to digital marketing around its handset brands, including Cyber-shot and Walkman. The company also intends to give the internet a crucial role in establishing its Xperia sub-brand. In the first phase, it will launch a web portal showcasing its X1 handset, which is being seen as a competitor to Apples iPhone. Sony Ericsson currently works with Dare on digital global projects, but Dutta is considering appointing a roster of agencies to handle the increased workload. Digital will soon be the de facto method by which we communicate and engage with consumers, he said. A strong online presence is crucial to the future of our brand on a global scale. Sony Ericsson is the worlds fifth-biggest mobile phone manufacturer behind Nokia, Motorola, Samsung and LG. The company hopes its digital strategy shift will help it gain ground on rivals. Gareth Jones, Sony Ericsson realigns brand in next stage of company transformation * Evolves visual identity and brand values as next stage of business transformation * Shifts consumer engagement to digital, viral and social media platforms * Aligns with Sony Group companies under new ‘make.believe brand message London September 3rd, 2009 Sony Ericsson today announced the next stage of its on-going business transformation with the realignment of its external visual identity and brand values in order to deliver its vision of becoming the Communication Entertainment brand. The company also confirmed its adoption of the newly announced Sony brand message ‘make.believe in all consumer communication in order to reinforce its entertainment credentials and collaboration with the Sony Group. Fusing communication and entertainment has been at the core of Sony Ericssons offering since the start of the joint venture.make.believe aligns Sony Ericsson with the Sony Group companies and reflects the coming together of communication and entertainment. By re-aligning our brand and adopting ‘make. believe we further highlight our entertainment offering to consumers, said Cathy Davies, Head of Brand Strategy at Sony Ericsson. Our ongoing business transformation is laying the foundations for the new Sony Ericsson. Our re-aligned brand is a vital part of this strategy. Combined with a new culture of openness it marks a shift in the way we plan and build our propositions, as well as how we invite consumers to engage with us via digital and social media platforms, said Lennard Hoornik, Head of Marketing at Sony Ericsson. Visually, Sony Ericsson will expand the appeal of its globally recognized ‘liquid identity logo by adding seven new color variations plus a new a ‘liquid energy flowing from the logo to make it more playful and visually appealing for the digital arena. The company also aims to adopt a more open and questioning attitude by inviting greater consumer participation in the brand through a stronger focus on interactive digital and social media channels. A series of strategic marketing campaigns this autumn will launch the realigned visual identity and showcase the start of make. believe at Sony Ericsson, including a ‘spark something viral campaign for the new Satio, Aino and Yari phones and a global activation campaign as the official global handset sponsor for the 2010 FIFA World CupTM to capture the passion of football fans around the world. http://www.fiercewireless.com/press-releases/sony-ericsson-realigns-brand-next-stage-company-transformation Sony Ericsson promulgation of a new strategy Sony Ericsson has been hard on the global economic slowdown, but the company said that the new strategy, focusing on services and entertainment, that he hoped to bring him back on track. On Sunday evening, here on the eve of GSMA Mobile World Congress, Mobile Phone Maker, which is a joint venture between Sony Maker of consumer electronics and telecommunications equipment Maker Ericsson, unveiled a new strategy that he said fuses communications and entertainment. † The new strategy is that, Sony Ericsson calls â€Å"Entertainment Unlimited. Managers have been fine detail at a press conference, but the company is planning a strategy that will integrate mobile phones with PCs and the percentage of TV entertainment content. In this strategy, the company announced MediaGo, which is a continuation of its PlayNow music service. MediaGo added service that allows users to download movies to their PC and then transfer them to your Sony Ericsson. The company announced W995 Walkman phone that can play the function of the length of films. This service will also enable the transmission of other media such as music, photos and podcasts. The service also allows users to synchronize their phone music library automatically subscribe to podcasts, and automatically convert files for best quality playback. The company also introduced stealthily peek at the new high goals, touch-screen phone called Idou. This 12.1-megapixel camera phone, supposedly designed for all types of multimedia functionality. But details about the product are limited until he runs in the second half of next year. Nevertheless, the leaders said that these two new phones will play a much more active role in the companys â€Å"new† strategy for more effective integration of entertainment on mobile devices and other devices throughout the home. Whats interesting about this supposedly new strategy is that it does not sound very new. Sony Ericsson was formed in 2001 as a joint venture between media and telecom equipment Maker. And since 2005, he was selling his Sony Walkman phones that allow people to listen to digital music on the go. But now the company argues that its â€Å"Entertainment Unlimited† strategy takes things to a new level, where users can share and access to media of different products from mobile phones to personal computers to their television screens. â€Å"All that we have done to date has led us to this issue,† said Lennard Hoornik, head of global marketing and vice president at Sony Ericsson. â€Å"Weve created a music phone category in 2005, selling more than 100 million phones Walkman, and we are ready to open the next chapter in the development of the company.† It looks like a good idea, but it happens to one, that the share of its competitors. Nokia, the worlds largest mobile phone Maker, develops throughout the Ovi services platform called for more than a year that lets users share files from PC to phone and vice versa. And one of the things that are done in the Apple iPhone has been so successful its integration with existing media iTunes Store, where users have access to music, videos and podcasts. While Sony Ericsson strategy can not be revolutionary, adding more value to their products is likely required to move. The entire mobile phone market took a beating in the second half of the year, as consumers bought fewer mobile phones because of economic problems. And this trend will continue until the market starts to pick up. Recession hits Sony Ericsson is particularly difficult. In the fourth quarter of 2008 the company lost 187 million euros, or about $ 248 million. That compared with a profit of about 373 million euros in the fourth quarter of 2007. But it is difficult to say if this â€Å"new† strategy will enable us greatly. One bright spot in the mobile phone landscape in the next couple of years, seems to be smartphones. Market research firm IDC recently reported that while the overall mobile phone sales fell by 12.6 percent worldwide in the fourth quarter sales of smart phones actually work 22.5 per cent. The problem that Sony Ericsson is that it is not very well compete in the smartphone category. Last year at the World Congress of mobile devices, the company has made a lot of Buzz with their first device, Windows Mobile, Xperia X1. As of November, the phone was available in North America. But the problem is that he does not propose any major carrier in the U.S. and $ 800 prices for the unlocked and unsubsidized phone is too high for consumers, who can get iPhone 3G on AT T, BlackBerry Storm with Verizon Wireless, or Google Android G1 from T-Mobile USA for the subsidized price of $ 200 with a two-year contract. Given the fact that the smartphone market, where all the action is expected to be over the next couple of years, it surprising that Sony Ericsson will select the best feature phones to connect their new â€Å"Unlimited entertainment† strategy. Details are still too scarce to know exactly how this will shake out. But Sony Ericsson needs a convincing and accessible smartphones that can take advantage of these entertainment and communication capabilities. And to compete effectively in this market, but now need to expand its distribution outside of Europe and Japan. In particular, it should cool and affordable smartphone for North American consumers. http://www.wojianfei.net/sony-ericsson-promulgation-of-a-new-strategy/ Sony Ericsson unveils marketing plans Sony is rolling out the brand message â€Å"make.believe† (read as â€Å"make-dot-believe†) that will feature in advertising across its businesses Sony Ericsson, Sony Computer Entertainment, Sony BMG, Sony Pictures and brands such as Playstation 3 and Vaio. Lennard Hoornik, Sony Ericsson corporate VP and global head of marketing, says the new tagline aims to reflect the message that â€Å"anything you can imagine, you can make real†. It has also updated its visual identity, adding seven new colour variants to the logo, as well as a new â€Å"liquid energy† visual flowing from the logo. It was designed by Iris. Cathy Davies, head of brand strategy adds the brand developments will aim to give the handset maker a more playful identity as well communicating with consumers in a â€Å"more emotive way†. It is part of the companys ongoing repositioning strategy to be known as a â€Å"communications entertainment† brand. Sony Ericsson is planning to invest an estimated  £7m in the fourth quarter to promote its new hero handsets, the Japanese named phones Satio, Aino and Yari. The global launch will be spearheaded in the UK, with work created by Saatchi Saatchi. It will be first time the handset maker will feature the â€Å"make.believe† tagline in its advertising. It plans to launch a major above-the-line campaign, as well as digital and experiential flash mob activity centered around an attempt to bring space hoppers back into popular culture. http://www.marketingweek.co.uk/ Sony-Ericsson Declared Most Eco-Friendly Phone Technology company Sony-Ericsson was recently given the environmental nod, as its cellular phones were declared as one of the most environmentally-friendly technological gadgets. In its study Searching for green electronics, environmental organization Greenpeace called for computer and phone manufacturers to put forward their most eco-friendly products, ranging from cellular phones to notebooks to gaming consoles. After examining the products environment-related aspects such as amounts of dangerous chemicals, energy efficiency, recyclability and marketing strategies, Greenpeace heralded Sony-Ericssons phones, out of 37 other products from other manufacturers, to have obtained top honors for the most environmentally-friendly gadgets. According to TMCnet, Sony-Ericssons phones received a 5.3 rating, out of a possible 10. The generally passable score, according to Greenpeace, was acknowledged as the highest, considering studys low response turnout. The results, however, were considered to be a step forward to technologys adaptability to the demands of a clean environment, and the group recognized that encouragement was a key part of the study that must be further pushed. Since undertaking the survey we have already witnessed the arrival of greener products in the market, such as the Apples new laptop, the MacBook Air, and Nokias new phone, the Evolve, Greenbang quoted Yannick Vicare of Greenpeace Manufacturers still have a long way to go, Vicaire added, but more and more now are taking the environmental impacts of their products seriously. Sony Ericssons mobile music strategy Music has become one of the main drivers for 3G and large data entertainment services for the mobile phone end-user and will continue to gain in importance. Sony Ericsson is committed to maximizing the value and experience for the end-user and to increasing revenue for operators, and the Walkman family of mobile phones do this through music. Music-related services, content and applications are fundamental parts of our overall content strategy. We believe that super-distribution of music is the way forward. By this I mean the easy sharing of music between friends legally downloaded/transferred or by creating your own all combined with applications that can manage or personalize the music experience on your mobile phone. Even though the Walkman portfolio is the main focus of Sony Ericssons music activities, music solutions for our other series of mobile phones are just as relevant. Network limitations, product market reach, end-user choice and model-version exclusivity to certain operators mean that we need to make sure that the music experience is as good as possible across our product portfolio. Wemonitor the DRM standards set by the industry and strive to have products that are media source, and hence DRM, agnostic. All current Sony Ericsson mobile phones support the standard Open Mobile Alliances (OMA) DRM v 1.0. When actively using branded music (i.e. official copyright or other rights protected), DRM is the key for everyone who intends to play a role in this market. For the development of applications where branded music is only handled passively, e.g. media players, this is up to the developer, as long as it doesnt have a negative impact on the DRM protection of the music flowing through or being used by the application. The coming convergence of fixed and mobile broadband network services combined with the convergence of traditional audio-visual consumer electronics products with mobile phones will have a massive effect on the mobilemusic market. We foresee a tremendous growth. Sony Ericsson pins hopes on entertainment strategy At the core of its new strategy is something Sony Ericsson calls Entertainment Unlimited. Executives were thin on details at the press conference in Barcelona, but the company is planning a strategy that will bring together mobile phones with PCs and the TV to share entertainment content. As part of this strategy, the company announced MediaGo, which is an extension of its PlayNow Music service. MediaGo adds a service that lets users download movies onto their PC and then transfer them over to a Sony Ericsson device. The company announced the W995 Walkman phone, which will be able play the feature-length movies. The service will also allow the transfer of other media, such as music, photos and podcasts. The service will also allow users to sync their phones music library automatically, subscribe to podcasts and auto-convert files for the best-quality playback. The company also gave a sneak peek at a new high-end, touch-screen phone, called the Idou. This 12.1-megapixel camera phone is supposedly designed for all kinds of multimedia functionality. Details about the product are scarce, but it is due to launch in the second half of next year. That said, executives alluded to the fact that these two new phones will play a much larger role in the companys new strategy to better integrate entertainment on mobile devices and other devices throughout the home. Yet this supposedly new strategy for the company doesnt sound entirely new. Sony Ericsson was formed in 2001 as a joint venture between a media company and telecommunications equipment maker. And since 2005, it has been selling its Sony Walkman phones, which allow people to listen to digital music on the go. The company claims its Entertainment Unlimited strategy takes things to a new level, where consumers can share and access media across multiple products from mobile phones to PCs to their TV screens. Everything that we have done to date has brought us to this point, said Lennard Hoornik, head of global marketing and a vice president at Sony Ericsson. We created the music-phone category in 2005 selling over 100 million Walkman phones, and we are now ready to unveil the next chapter in the evolution of the company. The idea happens is one that its competitors seem to share. Nokia, the worlds largest mobile-phone maker, has been developing an entire service platform called Ovi for more than a year that allows users to share files from the PC to the phone and vice versa. And one of the things that has made Apples iPhone so successful has been its integration with the existing iTunes media store, where users get access to music, videos and podcasts. While Son

Duchess of Northumberland Essay

What impressions of the Duchess of Northumberland do you get from Rachel Cookes article. The article began by saying how a ‘splendid but hugely expensive garden would be created in the grounds of Alnwick castle’. This gives us the impression that she is rich and is wasting her money away on some project that is costing 5 million pounds. It is until around line 70 when the readers get a bad impression of the Duchess as until then it says how ‘the locals’ ‘were less than impressed’ asking who ‘does she think she is’. This gives us the impression that the locals don’t think that she is a worthy Duchess and are not fond of her. It then goes on to say how the ‘duke and duchess believed they just had to click their fingers and everyone else would come running’. This gives the impression that they think they can do what they want and they think they are so powerful that everyone will come running to them and do whatever they please. By line 70 however, the readers start to see a different side of her when Rachel Cooke’s actually goes to see her when she realises that she’s not actually a bad person. The Duchess goes on to say how she ‘should try to win the critics round’ but she cannot be bothered. This gives the impression that she doesn’t care about impressing the locals and if they don’t like her then she will deal with it and not chase after them persuading them to like her. When she speaks she then says how she never expected to be Duchess and how it was ‘difficult for [her] to leave the farmhouse’. This gives us the impression that she’s actually a normal person and her background isn’t from royalty. Just because she is a duchess doesn’t mean that they have ‘unlimited cash’ she goes on saying. This gives us the impression that she feels that people instantly judge and think that she is very rich and doesn’t have any money problems but she has to ‘pay card bills’ just like anyone else. Furthermore it gives us the impression that she doesn’t feel like royalty she just feels l ike a normal human being.

Meeting Learning Needs Case Study

Meeting Learning Needs: Case Study In this rationale I intend to discuss â€Å"Why we do what we do† when it comes to Inclusion and Special Educational Needs (SEN). This will be a case study of a pupil with SEN attending the school in which I work. It will first outline the nature of the pupils Special Educational Needs and then critically examine how these needs are being met. The role of multi-agency approaches in providing support to the pupil and parental involvement will also be analysed. All children, wherever they are educated, need to be able to learn, play and develop alongside each other within their local community of schools† (Dfes 2004 p5), going further to state that â€Å"inclusion is about much more than the type of school that children attend: it is about the quality of their experience; how they are helped to learn, achieve and participate fully in the life of the school† (p25). http://sen. ttrb. ac. uk/ViewArticle2. aspx? ContentId=15915 (Access ed on 20/01/11) The case study I carried out was on Billy who is 9 years old, Billy was diagnosed with Autism at the aged 4 shortly after he started mainstream school in reception. Autism is a type of disability. There are many people with autism in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 1 out of every 100 people has autism. You cannot always tell that someone has autism just by looking at them. Autism lasts for all of a person's life. But they can still do a lot of things and learn a lot of skills. The three main areas of difficulty which all people with autism share are sometimes known as the ‘triad of impairments' which are Social Communication, Social Interaction and Social Imagination. The triad of impairments is the term that describes the difficulties that people with autism experience in differing degrees. Because all people are different, the way autism affects them is also different. To enable the setting to remove Billy’s barriers to learning we firstly arranged a meeting at his home with him and his parents and the Special Needs Coordinator (SENCo). At the meeting we discussed Billy’s learning and personal needs, at first we concentrated on Billy’s routine at home enabling us to see how he dealt with everyday issues. It is vital that we alleviate confusion and give Billy a sense of security. This will be done by preparing Billy whenever possible if his routine is going to be broken, someone will talk him through what is going to happen. We also intend to invite Billy into the setting to meet his new teacher, and will be providing him with photographs of the settings and his support workers to facilitate him in familiarise himself with his new setting. We have taken photographs to allow us to personalise the learning spaces with pictorial sequences, rule reminders, schedules and labels. A space in the classroom will be made available for Billy to work with his one-to-one support and peers where possible. By using these strategies Billy’s learning can be structured to support his need for routine. ‘Being clear and consistent is supportive to all learners in the classroom but will be essential for the child with an autistic spectrum disorder’ G, Knowles, Supporting Inclusive Practice (p. 16) I feel that it is very important that all children have the right to be included in mainstream school and where possible they should be able to meet there learning needs and the targets set in the National Curriculum. One of the fundamental principles of the Special Education Needs Code of Practice is ‘the needs of children and young people with Special Educational Needs are identified and assessed quickly and matched by appropriate provision’ (Department for Education and Skills, 2001 p. 9). I believe that it should be a collaboration between the teachers, the parents of the child and the child themselves who decides whether they would benefit from being in mainstream school or not. Extensive research studies have been undertaken to determine the effectiveness of integrating and including students with severe disabilities. Tornillo (1994) feels that, ‘teachers are required to direct inordinate attention to a few, thereby decreasing the amount of time and energy directed toward the rest of the class. Indeed, the range of abilities is just too great for one teacher to adequately teach. Consequently, the mandates for greater academic accountability and achievement are unable to be met’. http://www. sedl. org/change/issues/issues43/concerns. html (accessed on 30/01/11) During my research into Inclusion in mainstream school I found that, some parents of students with more severe disabilities are concerned about the opportunities their children will have to develop basic life skills in a regular classroom setting. They are also cautious about inclusion because of fears that their children will be ridiculed by other students. Its at this point I feel it necessary to state that Inclusion is not about making sure all children are taught the curriculum in the classroom, it is making sure that all individuals be they disabled or non disabled have access to the curriculum, and that learning is facilitated to suit their learning needs. The next step to facilitate Billy’s learning needs is to draw up an Individual Education Plan (IEP). An IEP describes the educational program that has been designed to meet that child's unique needs. ‘An Individual Education Plan is an assessment, planning, teaching and reviewing tool which records specific learning goals, teaching requirements and review arrangements to help a pupil with SEN which are ‘additional to and different from’ those of most pupils, to make progress in key areas of learning’ (Dovestone, Cullingford-Agnew, 2006, p. 23). Each child who receives special education and related services must have an IEP. Each IEP must be designed for one student and must be a truly individualized document. The IEP creates an opportunity for teachers, parents, school administrators, related services personnel, and students (when age appropriate) to work together to improve educational results for children with disabilities. The IEP is the cornerstone of a quality education for each child with a disability. As stated in the SEN Code of Practise (2001) where possible, children and young people with SEN should participate in all the decision-making processes that occur in education including the setting of learning targets and contributing to IEPs, discussions about choice of schools, contributing to the assessment of their needs and to the annual review and transition processes. Following the initial meeting we arranged for Billy and his parents to visit the setting for a day allowing them the opportunity to assess the setting. All areas of the school were made accessible to them so they could see how Inclusion of all students is important too us as a setting. It is essential that Billy’s parents are involved in every stage of Billy’s integration into the setting as stated in the SEN Code of Practice(2001) ‘It is vitally important that schools welcome and encourage parents to participate from the outset and throughout their child’s educational career at the school’. In my setting we encourage parents to come to us with any questions or concerns they may have about there child/children and we persevere to accommodate their needs. It is vitally important for parents to be involved with every stage of their child’s education as Parents are the most important people after the child. ‘They know there child best and know what they want out of the staff and the school. ’ (As stated in my settings Inclusion Policy) It is our responsibility as a setting to ensure that parents are aware of the Partnership with Parents (PwP). PwP aims to ensure that parents are able to play an informed part in any decisions about the educational provision made to meet their child SEN and to build partnerships between parents, the Local Education Authority (LEA) and schools. WORD COUNT 1343 Reference List and Bibliography Department for Education and Skills. (2001). Special Educational Needs Code of Practice. London: DfES. Dovestone, M, Cullingford-Agnew, S. (2006) Becoming a Primary Higher Level Teaching Assistant: Primary Special Educational Needs. Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd. http://www. sedl. org/change/issues/issues43/concerns. html (accessed on 30/01/11) http://sen. ttrb. ac. uk/ViewArticle2. aspx? ContentId=15915 (accessed on 20/01/11) Knowles, G. (2006) Supporting Inclusive Practise. David Fulton Publishers Ltd. London

money in politics essays

money in politics essays A wise delegate once said Money in politics is like ants in your kitchen: If you dont close all the holes, money will find a way in. And once money is in the system, it tends to corrupt politics in subtle and gross ways that laws simply cannot control. This concept is thought provokingly addressed in the article The Evil of Access by Mark Green. In my opinion, Green was right on the money in his insights concerning the need for campaign finance reform in American politics. I find it quite alarming that 94% of the time, the Congressional candidate spending the most money wins the election. Not to mention, in the year 2000, the average expense for a seat in the House came to almost $850,000. Green quotes a senator who said that Senators are human calculators who can weigh how much every vote will cost them. As moneys role in our democracy grows within our elections and campaigns, as does our own departure from democracy itself. It has even come to the point where members of Congress de spise having to vote on controversial, but essential, issues because they are forced to keep in mind how their vote will effect their finances. This is due to the fact that they have to raise an extravagant amount of money is they even are considering running for re election in order to be competitive. Green includes the quote The culprit is not corrupt candidates but a corrupt system that coerces good people to take tainted money. This whole pay to play system hurts democracy. The thousands of dollars candidates receive from special interest groups counter the opinions and interests the majority supports through simple bribery. Candidates all are aware of the money that they will lose if they dont vote in ways that is beneficial to their contributors. Without the financial support, they wont have the money to run because of the high cost of keeping up with othe...

Ethnobotany essays

Ethnobotany essays Ethnobotany is the study of how people of a particular culture and region make use of indigenous plants. Cultures have been using the environment around them for thousands of years. The use of plants were mentioned in the Code of Hammurabi in Babylon circa 1770 BC. The ancient Egyptians believed that plants had medicinal powers in the afterlife of the pharaohs (King and Veilleux WWW). Indigenous cultures of the rainforests and other areas still use plants today in their everyday lives. If plants work to help these cultures, should not they be researched to help the rest of the world? Many jungles and rainforests contain unexplored species of plants that could contain medicinal uses. Ethnobotanists explore how plants are used for things, such as food, shelter, clothing, hunting, and religious ceremonies. These scientists spend long hours of hard time in the field doing research of these plants (King and Veilleux WWW). Ethnobotanists are usually biologists that have had additional graduate training. They may have had training in things such as archeology, chemistry, ecology, anthropology, linguistics, history, pharmacology, sociology, religion, or mythology. With these skills, they can look at more than just the plant. They look at the culture and the resource of it (King and Veilleux WWW). There are many ethnobotanists that have helped to bring ethnomedicine to the United States. Each Ethnobotanist has their own unique way of researching cultures and plant species. The following Ethnobotanists are prominent figures in their field of research. Paul Alan Cox took his first trip in to the jungle in 1973, on a mission as a Mormon. He later got his Ph.D. at Harvard and taught at Brigham Young University. In 1984, Coxs mother died and he became determined to find a cure for cancer. So later that year, he returned to Samoa with his family in order to continue his research. His research has led to the develop...

Forms of Human Communication through the Ages Research Paper

Forms of Human Communication through the Ages - Research Paper Example That freedom was not always available and human beings had to work hard to get to the level of communicational freedom that most people have today. That journey has been a long and fascinating one. The Cro-Magnon, a precursor to modern man, was the first to participate in cave and rock paintings. To date it remains the earliest form of actual primate communication, estimated at 40,000 years ago (Ayiter, 2014).The majority of cave paintings found throughout Europe show scenes featuring animals, like bison and bear. Experts believe that cave paintings were important to early man for few reasons. These animals were essential to the livelihood for survival; they may have signs to let hunters know what game was available in this territory. Another theory involves the concept of an early religion; they may have thought that the images had magical or medicinal powers and they, also, may have thought depicting them might improve the likelihood of successfully hunting and killing one. These cave painters did not have any forms of actual paint, there implements were likely berries of different colors and charcoal (Beacon Learning Center, 2001). Cave paintings were a form of visual communication to members of one or perhaps multiple groups. It is likely that this artistic and communicative format that paved the way for the traditions of storytelling, spiritual belief, and cultural identity all at the same time. Cave paintings continued for a long time before verbal communication became more common; in fact, even after the invention of languages certain forms of cave-paining arts remained relevant and not uncommon (Beacon Learning Center, 2001). Human beings began using their new found verbal abilities of, language as soon they realized that they could.

Female Prisoners Sexually Abused and Sold by Correctional Officers OR Article

Female Prisoners Sexually Abused and Sold by Correctional Officers OR Female Prisoner Impregnated by Correctional Officers - Article Example This implies that men do not have direct contact with female inmates. In the United States, male guards were not allowed to come into direct contact with female prisoners until 1964 Civil Rights Act (Figueira-McDonough & Sarri, 2002). About forty percent of women prison guards were men, and they had direct contact with the prisoners by the year 2007. The United States had 93,031 prisoners by the end of 2001. Women are incarcerated because of the increased war on drugs. The rapid increase of the population of women prisoners was not anticipated by the male dominated prison industry. Although United States prisons are for correcting offenders, most of the female prisons lack the facilities of accommodating healthcare, mental, and social needs of the prisoners (Parker, 2002). The number of women prisoners has been on the rise over the recent years in the United States but most of them do not face violent charges as opposed to men. Women prisoners have different experiences to those of men because women menstruate, and are very much affected by losing their children to Child Protective Services (Parker, 2002). Majority of women convicts are sexually or physically abused before they are convicted or are drug addicts. Men make up the majority of prisoners in the United States but the rate of the increase of number of women prisoners is worrying because it is more than that of men. Incarcerated women tend to form structures similar to those of families in a bid to ensure that they live, as they would have in the society. On the contrary, men become aggressive and isolate themselves from the other inmates (Rudolf, 2012). Increase in the number of female prisoners has resulted in the need of increased number of prison staff. Men are not emotionally or physically affected by incarceration as women are. This is because women are faced with the daunting task of facing sexual abuse in prisons. This can be attributed to the fact that the number of men staffing