Why Corporate Governance Is Important In Financial Industry Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2361 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? Corporate governance is most often viewed as both the structure and the relationships which determine corporate direction and performance. The board of directors is typically central to corporate governance. Its relationship to the other primary participants, typically shareholders and management, is critical. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Why Corporate Governance Is Important In Financial Industry Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Additional participants include employees, customers, suppliers, and creditors. The corporate governance framework also depends on the legal, regulatory, institutional and ethical environment of the community. Whereas the 20th century might be viewed as the age of management, the early 21st century is predicted to be more focused on governance. Both terms address control of corporations but governance has always required an examination of underlying purpose and legitimacy. (James McRitchie, 1999) Corporate governance is important for all organization not only today but has and will always be. However, it is specifically very important for the financial industry due to various reasons which will be discussed subsequently. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) suggests sound corporate governance of financial institutions need to be in place in order for banking and financial supervision to operate effectively. Consequently, banking supervisors have a st rong interest in ensuring that there is effective corporate governance at every bank. Supervisory experience underscores the necessity of having appropriate levels of accountability and managerial competence within each bank. Essentially, the effective supervision of the international banking system requires sound governance structures within each bank, especially with respect to multifunctional banks that operate on a transnational basis. A sound governance system can contribute to a collaborative working relationship between bank supervisors and management. The following are some of the factors that deem it necessary to have very good corporate governance in financial institutions: Financial firms are opaque in nature and gives rise to significant information asymmetries. This makes it difficult to assess management performance. Current deregulated nature of financial institutions have made the nature of the activities of employees and managers moved from traditional acti vities toward decision-making activities. This has created greater potential for risk and results not expected or desired by shareholders and other stakeholders. Governance is an activity in which communal benefits resultant from private supervisory in the finance industry plays a dominant role. Limitations such as on takeovers, ownership concentration, prudent supervision, etc. could weaken product market discipline. This could further lead to weakening of the private sectors undertaking other governance functions. Financial firms hold equity stakes, grant credit and, hence, examine performance, which facilitates them to make a strong impact on governance of other institutions. Financial innovations potentiality weakens traditional governance processes. The role of banks is integral in any economy. They provide financing for commercial enterprises, access to payment systems and a host of a variety of retail financial services for the economy as a whole. Some banks even have a broader impact on the macro sector of the economy by facilitating the transmission of monetary policy by making credit and liquidity available in different market conditions. The integral role that banks play in the national economy is demonstrated by the almost universal practices of states in regulating the banking industry and providing, in many cases, a government safety net to compensate depositors when banks fail. Financial regulation is necessary because of the multiplier effect that banking activities have on the rest of the economy. The large number of stakeholders, whose economic well-being depends on the health of the banking sector, further depends on the appropriate regulatory practices and supervision. Indeed, in a healthy banking system, the supervisors and regulators themselves are stakeholders acting on behalf of society at large. The primary function is to develop substantive and other risk management procedures for financial institutions in which regulat ory risk measures correspond to overall economic and operational risks faced by a bank. Accordingly, it is imperative that financial regulators ensure that banking and other financial institutions have strong governance structures, specially, in light of the pervasive changes in the nature and structure of both the banking industry and the regulation which governs them. In this respect, the role of legal issues is crucial for determining ways to improve corporate governance for financial institutions, such as, the enforceability of contracts, including those with service providers, clarifying governance roles of supervisors and senior management, ensuring that corporations operate in an environment that is free from corruption and bribery and laws/regulations, etc. aligning the interests of managers, employees and shareholders, all help to promote a strong business and legal environments that support corporate governance and related supervisory activities. Further, corporate g overnance is very important to financial institutions in the present context is post-crises situations. The financial crisis can be to an important extent attributed to failures and weaknesses in corporate governance arrangements. When they were put to a test, corporate governance routines did not serve their purpose to safeguard against excessive risk taking in a number of financial companies. A number of weaknesses have been apparent. The risk management systems have failed in many cases due to corporate governance procedures rather than the inadequacy of computer models alone: information about exposures in a number of cases did not reach the board and even senior levels of management, while risk management was often activity rather than enterprise-based. These are board responsibilities. In other cases, boards had approved strategy but then did not establish suitable metrics to monitor its implementation. Company disclosures about foreseeable risk factors and about the sys tems in place for monitoring and managing risk have also left a lot to be desired even though this is a key element of the Principles. Accounting standards and regulatory requirements have also proved insufficient in some areas leading the relevant standard setters to undertake a review. Last but not least, remuneration systems have in a number of cases not been closely related to the strategy and risk appetite of the company and its longer term interests. Question 02 Why do Islamic banks need to give special care to corporate governance and what advantages does it provide to them? Answer 02 Very little is written on governance structures in Islamic banking, despite the rapid growth of Islamic banks since the mid 1970s and their increasing presence on world financial markets. There are now over 180 financial institutions world-wide which adhere to Islamic banking and financing principles. These banks operate in 45 countries encompassing most of the Muslim world, along with Europe, North America and various offshore locations. Islamic financing increasingly is a market segment of interest of Western banks and the latest addition to the list of Islamic banks in October 1996 in the City Islamic Investment Bank, Bahrain a wholly owned subsidiary of Citicorp. Islamic banking represents a radical departure from conventional banking and from the viewpoint of corporate governance, it embodies a number of interesting features since equity participation, risk and profit-and-loss sharing arrangements from the basis of Islamic financing. Due to the bank dealing in Riba, an Isla mic bank cannot charge any fixed return in advance, but rather participates in the yield resulting from the use of funds. The depositors also share in the profits according to predetermined ratio, and are rewarded with profit returns for assuming risk. Unlike a conventional bank which is basically a borrower and lender of funds, an Islamic bank is essentially a partner with its depositors, on the one side, and also a partner with entrepreneurs, on the other side, when employing depositors funds in productive direct investment. These financial arrangements imply quite different stockholder relationships, and by corollary governance structures, from the conventional model since depositors have a direct financial stake in the banks investment and equity participations. In addition, the Islamic bank is subject to an additional layer of governance since the suitability of its investment and financing must be in strict conformity with Shariah and expectations of the Muslim community at large. Islamic financial institutions display key distinguishing features requiring special care when it comes to the corporate governance mechanisms. They are as follows: Stakeholders include large number of depositors and their deposits are not guaranteed. Islamic banks operate on the model of universal banking. This is very close to the deregulated banking system. Financial activities are spread over a large spectrum from the usual customary traditional finance. Islamic financial institutions holding equity would enable them to sit on various companies Board of Directors. Thereby they could influence corporate governance mechanisms of the latter. Corporate governance and ethical standards provides many an advantage to Islamic banks. If an Islamic financial institution practices very good corporate governance, it helps them to build a good and strong brand image. Through this good and strong brand image they are able to attract a higher customer base leading to hig her and greater customer loyalty. Once they have captured the customers loyalty, there is greater commitment towards the employees. Once the employees are given greater commitment they become passionate and drive with a lot of creativity. Having large amounts of creativity in a very competitive and volatile environment can drive an organization to have immense competitive advantage. Question 03 Why do banks need to be regulated and supervised? What are the key tasks facing regulators for creating a level playing field for Islamic banks within a countrys overall regulatory framework that includes the operations of conventional banks? Answer 03 A logical first reason is that a strong and adaptable banking system helps the monetary authorities to carry out monetary policy, that is, to implement decisions about money supply and interest rates. In this sense, regulation is a public good, because everyone benefits from an effective monetary policy. A second more practical reason relates to the unique nature of the business of a bank. The business of a bank can for arguments sake be reduced to, on the one hand, the taking of deposits from the public and, on the other hand, the lending of those same funds to others at a profit. The liabilities of banks, namely the deposits held on behalf of clients, are generally short term and certain in amount the bank must repay the full amount from its resources. The assets of a bank, namely the loans made, are generally longer term in nature, but actually uncertain in value the bank can never be sure that the debtor will repay the loan over the specified period. The nature of a banks business is therefore inherently highly risky, and poor decisions can easily lead to the demise of a bank and the loss of depositors funds. When this happens, often the confidence in the banking system is harmed, and, in order to avoid this, public funds are sometimes used to save an ailing bank. Either way, the cost of a bank failure to society as a whole is often higher than the private cost (that is, shareholder losses), which is a compelling reason for supervising banks to ensure that they are always prudently managed by competent, experienced and ethical individuals. Another reason why banks are usually regulated is the asymmetry of information that is, the unequal availability of information to all interested parties. Depositors do not have sufficient information about the true risks that a particular bank faces, and whether the risk they take in placing their money with the bank is commensurate with the interest to be earned on the deposit. A final reason for the regulati on and supervision of banks is to protect depositors against unscrupulous organizations that misrepresent themselves as banks and unlawfully collect deposits before absconding. All developed countries, and less developed countries, have a banking supervisory authority. Although the principles are largely the same, supervisory authorities may differ regarding their degree of autonomy, relationships with other financial regulators, and supervisory approaches or methods employed. Central Banks and Regulators could play a crucial role in the development of a framework for Shariah compliant monetary policy instruments to operate within a level-playing field. Supervisors are faced with a dual challenge. One hand, they promote financial diversification and consolidation to achieve market development and on the other side they have to position themselves to recognize new dimensions and new types of risks and encourage appropriate risk mitigation plans. Regulators need to practic e flexibility and work with Islamic banks such as to become well acquainted with needs of the industry and subsequently develop successful and acceptable regulatory frameworks. Further, regulatory authorities and market participants should be very well-versed with the nature and implications of the rules adopted in jurisdictions where there are heavy constraints on Islamic finance operations. This would facilitate greater market discipline and no undue burden on the Islamic financial institutions. Therefore, regulatory and supervisory authorities operating in dual banking systems, i.e. conventional as well as Islamic, should be mindful of setting up regulatory frameworks, since they should be pragmatic and flexible in internationally accepted prudential and supervisory requirements. According to Shariah principles, Islamic banks cannot guarantee repayment of full amount of deposits, in Western countries requiring that deposits have to be returned in full. In Muslim countries s eparate regulations have been developed to allow banks to share the risk of loss on investments with their clients. The final solution was to structure a Mudharabah agreement whereby savings and deposit/investment accounts in such a manner that FSA was satisfied that the risk of loss of amount deposited by the depositors was minimal. Key features included a bank setting aside reserves earned from investment in special reserve accounts before the distributing of profits to the depositors. This reserve was further to be used to cover any losses that arose from investments. Another feature was allowing depositors decide if they wanted capital losses to be made good. A depositor complying with Shariah principles would not require such losses to be made good. The Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) was established with the aim to promote the development of a prudent and transparent Islamic financial services industry and provides guidance on the effective supervision and regulatio n of institutions offering Islamic financial products. The IFSB has produced international standards on capital adequacy and risk management for Islamic Financial Institutions, and has made progress in developing standards on corporate governance. These international standards are intended to assist regulators and supervisors in pursuing soundness, stability, and integrity in the world of Islamic finance.

My Views On Education And Education - 1154 Words

Compulsory Education. In this paper, I am going to examine and compare my views on education to the great philosophers Aristotle, Socrates and Plato. Education should not be something forced on people from a very young age. We are educating our children to be master test takers who conform to the norm and not to think outside the box. My position is supported by Socrates in Plato s The Republic and Aristotle in his Nicomachean Ethics, Book II. Because students waste too much time on testing, education should not be compulsory. First of all school should be voluntary. Socrates states that bodily exercise, when compulsory, does no harm to the body; but knowledge which is acquired under compulsion obtains no hold on the mind.† (536e) Socrates believed that a compulsory education does not work especially in early education. Education must appear to be voluntary at first Socrates says, Don t use force in training the children in the studies, but rather play. In that way, you can better discern what each is naturally directed towards (537a) I strongly agree that education is being forced upon the youth of today. Education should not be something our youth fear. Children should not get up in the morning and dread going to school. The schools should be educating our children; they should be empowering our youth to be independent thinkers and teaching our children how to be compassionate functioning members of society. In today s society, standardized testing is seemingly theShow MoreRelatedMy Views On Educat ion And Education1304 Words   |  6 PagesCompulsory Education In this paper, I am going to examine and compare my views on education to the great philosophers Aristotle, Socrates and Plato. Education should not be something forced on people from a very young age. We are educating our children to be master test takers who conform to the norm and not to think outside the box. 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I have never been an individual who loves to read. I have read many books, but mainly for school purposes. My values and attributes come from being accepted into the Skip a Book Program in sixth grade, my love for soccer and how it devoured most of my time from the ages of three to sixteen, and my own personal beliefs I have acquired through studying The Bible. To begin, the values I have about education all began from beingRead More My Views On Education Philosophy Essay examples1978 Words   |  8 PagesMy Views On Education Philosophy When I first began college I wanted to be an accountant. I had taken accounting class in high school and really enjoyed it. Accounting is finite and rigid in terms of how it is structured. The rules did not change in regards to how you went about learning and applying it. Once you mastered the principles of accounting you would be able to do your assignments in class or your work in the real world proficiently. As I began taking the core accountingRead MoreReflection About Education In China1077 Words   |  5 PagesWe get education everyday. It can not seen or touched. But education obviously has a huge impact on our individual, society, nation, and all aspects of our lives. I am a student from China. I think the understanding of education is very different under different cultures. In this essay, I will combine my educational experience in China and the learning experience in module 1 to objectively analyze education from different perspectives. And Ill explain what Ive changed in understanding and thinking

Influence on Principal Recruitment and Selection †MyAssignmenthelp.co

Question: Discuss about the Influence on Principal Recruitment and Selection. Answer: Introduction The recruitment procedure of a company includes various steps such as attracting talented candidates, analysing their qualification, selecting them for the right position and retaining them for a long time. These steps get affected by different external and internal factors which create problems for human resource department, such as legal requirements, inflation, diversity issues, change in technology and organisational image. In modern times, it is necessary for organisations to recruit talented employees because it influences the development of such company. This report will analyse different factors which creates recruitment challenges for Coles Supermarkets. Further, different human resource management theories will be provided in the report for addressing the recruitment issues. Coles is an Australia supermarket corporation which operates in retail and consumer services industry, and the company is owned by Wesfarmers Limited. As per Kumar (2008), the organisation has more than 800 supermarkets throughout Australia, and they employ more than 100 thousand employees. The net revenue of the corporation was more than AU$33 billion in 2016 financial year. The company received around 3000 to 5000 offline job applications in a week, and the recruitment targets of the enterprise are more than sixty thousand candidates annually. The company also uses online platforms to hire new employees (Wright Lund 2003). The hiring procedure of Coles Supermarket gets influenced due to various internal and external elements. Following are few challenges faced by human resource department of Coles. There are different economic factors in Australia which affect the recruitment procedure of a company. For example, during the stage of inflation, the loving cost for the employee's increases in the country. As per Price, Bailey Pyman (2014), in inflation, corporations are requiring to provide high salary packages and benefits to their employees. Most of the people did not prefer to work for supermarkets in such situations because of the low pay grade. The human resource department faces difficulties in attracting the talented and service-oriented candidates to the organisation. Demand and Supply of Workers Coles has more than 100 thousand employees in different departments, and their annual target for recruitment is around 60,000 employees. According to Whitaker (2003), these numbers show the high demand for labour in Coles Supermarket. The overall rate of unemployment in Australia has hit record high rates in by raiding 5.9 percent in February of 2017. In supermarkets of the retail industry, the demand for workers remains considerably high, but the supply is low. One of the reasons for the shortage of employees is related to low population in Australia. The labour pool of Australia is also shrinking as the population is becoming old. Most of the aged people did not prefer to work in a supermarket because of it is a fast pace job, and the employees are required to have basic technical knowledge (Chew Chen 2008). The diversity and cultural difference in the industry affect the recruitment process, for example, is an American corporation outsourced its business activates to China than human resource department of China would be different from the organically one to ensure that all the employees with various culture can easily work together. It is necessary for corporations to promote diversity in between employees but many workers did not prefer to work with people of different background. In Australia, many companies discriminate against foreigners or aboriginal peoples, which affect the decision taken by human resource department in recruitment procedure (Shen, Chanda, Dnetto Monga 2009). While recruiting new employees and retaining them in the organisations, the human resource management has to comply with the regulations provided by government such as Fair Work Act. As per Barrett Mayson (2007), these rules ensure that large corporations did not take unfair advantage of the workers and protect them from the unsafe working environment. The regulations force corporations to provide minimum wages and facilities to the employees while retaining them in the organisations. Any changes or alteration in the policies of government can significantly influence the recruitment procedure of Coles. Technological Changes Most of the supermarkets are implementing modern technology in their stores for improving their customers services. Coles online is a service provided by the company which allows users to buy products online, and they get delivery at their house. As per Chavan (2009), while recruiting new employees, the candidates are required to have basic knowledge of technology and computers. Most people are not able to apply for the job because they do not possess technical expertise; most of them include aged peoples. Coles has various competitors in the market such as Woolworths, Aldi and Kogen Pantry. As per Smith (2006), these organisations attract the talented employees of other corporations by paying better salary and incentive packages. For retaining talented employees in the organisation, Coles has to pay higher wages and benefits to their employees. New employees recruitment also became difficult due to strong competition in between companies. Most of the people in Australia did not prefer to work in a retail industry which makes it difficult for HRM to attract talented employees. Retail or supermarkets are not the first choices for people which mean most of the workforce in supermarkets consists of unskilled or unmotivated employees. In a recent controversy, Coles found guilty of underpaying their employees which decrease the reputation of the organisation and due to such controversy, most people did not prefer to work for Coles (Schneiders, Millar Toscano 2017). Coles can implement an On the job training facility for their workers to improve their productivity and provide them knowledge regarding modern technology. This strategy can also benefit the company in recruiting aged peoples. Coles can employ aged people and provide them training regarding advanced technology which can fulfil the demand of labour in the corporation (Round 2006). Professional HR Department By employing profession experts in human resource department, Coles can determine the future changes in the retail industry and government policies. The expert opinions of HR department can assist the corporation in preparing better recruitment strategies which properly employment government regulations regarding employees welfare. The policies formulated by experts can be valuable for the hiring process of Coles (Kurnia Johnston 2003). Coles can implement strict guidelines for promoting diversity in their company; the HRM should provide equal opportunity to employees with different cultural backgrounds. The top-level management should ensure that a motive work environment is established for foreign workers. The company should also update their incentive structure into performance-based which can improve the productivity of employees (Hannon DNetto 2007). Conclusion In conclusion, the HRM of Coles faces various difficulties in recruitment procedure including diversity issues, government regulations, low employee rates, negative image of the company and strong competition. These problems create different problems for HRM which recruiting new employees. The corporation can adopt different HRM policies to reduce their problems in the recruitment process. For example, providing training to employees, establishing better incentive schemes, and hiring experts for future planning. These strategies can benefit the growth of Coles in Australia retail industry. References Barrett, R., Mayson, S. (2007). Human resource management in growing small firms.Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,14(2), 307-320. Chavan, M. (2009). The balanced scorecard: a new challenge.Journal of management development,28(5), 393-406. Chew, J., Chan, C. C. (2008). Human resource practices, organizational commitment and intention to stay.International journal of manpower,29(6), 503-522. Hannon, J., D'Netto, B. (2007). Cultural diversity online: student engagement with learning technologies.International journal of educational management,21(5), 418-432. Kumar, S. (2008). A study of the supermarket industry and its growing logistics capabilities.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,36(3), 192-211. Kurnia, S., Johnston, R. B. (2003). Adoption of efficient consumer response: key issues and challenges in Australia.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,8(3), 251-262. Price, R., Bailey, J., Pyman, A. (2014). Varieties of collaboration: the case of an Australian retail union.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(6), 748-761. Round, D. K. (2006). The power of two: squaring off with Australia's large supermarket chains.Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics,50(1), 51-64. Schneiders, B., Millar, R. Toscano, N. (2017). Coles admits much of its workforce underpaid after SDA deals. SMH. Retrieved from https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/coles-admits-much-of-its-workforce-underpaid-after-sda-deals-20170608-gwnfl4.html Shen, J., Chanda, A., D'netto, B., Monga, M. (2009). Managing diversity through human resource management: An international perspective and conceptual framework.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,20(2), 235-251. Smith, R. L. (2006). The Australian grocery industry: a competition perspective.Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics,50(1), 33-50. Whitaker, K. S. (2003). Principal role changes and influence on principal recruitment and selection: An international perspective.Journal of educational administration,41(1), 37-54. Wright, C., Lund, J. (2003). Supply chain rationalization: Retailer dominance and labour flexibility in the Australian food and grocery industry.Work, Employment and Society,17(1), 137-157.

The layers that can be constructed from the film Matrix Essay Example For Students

The layers that can be constructed from the film Matrix Essay The Matrix, released in April 1999 directed by the Wachowski Brothers, was a great success. The magnificent effort in making the film was rewarded as it won four awards for the British Academy Awards. These were for best sound, best film editing, best sound effects editing and best visual effects. The Matrix, was also nominated for three awards. These were for best cinematography, best production design and best editing. The opening sequence of The Matrix immediately introduces us to a computer with a bright green flashing cursor, the camera remains still as if to be a computer screen, and then lots of numbers, letters and symbols scroll down the screen, which could be computer language this shows the audience that computers are part of the narrative, and then a female and male begin to speak. We are given the impression that they are speaking via phone by a ringing sound before the conversation starts. We will write a custom essay on The layers that can be constructed from the film Matrix specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Whilst the conversation is on the topic of how the female is watching someone the female then gets the impression that her conversation is being tapped as she says are you sure this line is clean? to the male, the camera begins to zoom in on the symbols to an extreme close up. The camera then goes inside the symbol (0, which could resemble later on as neo, (The one) and shows all the dimensions of this one symbol. Through the symbol there appears to be a tunnel with a light at the end, this has reference to Alice in Wonderland this reference comes up through-out the film. Thomas A Anderson his alias Neo, is played by Keanu Reeves, a computer hacker who has discovered the matrix which is a computer simulation. Neo is belived to be The one by Morpheus who is played by Laurence Fishburne, he has been in search for The chosen one all his life, and for it to destroy the matrix. The film is very clever and can be unfolded in many ways, one is in the names. Neo = The one is a prefix, derived from Greek that connotes a new or recent form of something, or a revival in a modern form. Also Morpheus = The Roman god of sleep and dreams. These meanings show relevant reference through out the film. The teacher in the film is Morpheus, whose function is to provide guidance for Neo and show him `The Matrix. There is also the `helper who has the job to aid the hero in some way, which is what Morpheus and Trinity do in the film. They guide Neo and help him against the agents. The donor will provide super natural or magical help through a gift. In `The Matrix, the oracle provides help by telling Neo the future and gives him advice. The Alice in Wonderland reference crops up in many different places during the film and plays a big part in telling the story its starts in the beginning, by coming up on Neos computer screen, Follow the white rabbit it now starts to bring in intertexts when a few second later a group of people knock on the door asking him if he wants to go to a nightclub, he notices a tattoo on one of the groups shoulder, its a white rabbit which links to follow the white rabbit that appeared on Neos computer where he follows the group which leads him to a night club, where he meets Trinity (a character from the real world). When Neos friends are at the door Neo exchanges some sort of computer device and his friends use words like Youre my own personal Jesus! In a Christian intertext Jesus is the only son who is perfect seen as The Ore this can be related to the Neo as the `one` the intertexts carry on. Neo goes to the club and straight away Trinity starts speaking to Neo and she tells him that he is in danger because he wants to know about the matrix. Trinity means Father Son and the Holy Spirit this follows the Christianity link. .u81c373130c426f13f34ede48a0f85414 , .u81c373130c426f13f34ede48a0f85414 .postImageUrl , .u81c373130c426f13f34ede48a0f85414 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u81c373130c426f13f34ede48a0f85414 , .u81c373130c426f13f34ede48a0f85414:hover , .u81c373130c426f13f34ede48a0f85414:visited , .u81c373130c426f13f34ede48a0f85414:active { border:0!important; } .u81c373130c426f13f34ede48a0f85414 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u81c373130c426f13f34ede48a0f85414 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u81c373130c426f13f34ede48a0f85414:active , .u81c373130c426f13f34ede48a0f85414:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u81c373130c426f13f34ede48a0f85414 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u81c373130c426f13f34ede48a0f85414 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u81c373130c426f13f34ede48a0f85414 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u81c373130c426f13f34ede48a0f85414 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u81c373130c426f13f34ede48a0f85414:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u81c373130c426f13f34ede48a0f85414 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u81c373130c426f13f34ede48a0f85414 .u81c373130c426f13f34ede48a0f85414-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u81c373130c426f13f34ede48a0f85414:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Media theorist and Film Studies EssayOne of the reasons that the film would be difficult to understand is that it has an alternative religious meaning to it and the life of Neo is parallel to that of Jesus. There are various elements of the film, which tells the viewer that it has an alternative meaning. Firstly, this can be seen as the film was released the weekend of Easter 1999, which evidently is the resurrection of Jesus. The next major element of the film, which proves this, is Neos `virgin birth and Christs virgin birth. The scene in the film shows that Neo is reborn. When Morpheus sends Neo to see the Oracle (The oracle of Delphi). Neo Is amazed at how one of the Oracles sons can bend things. The boy says, It is not the spoon that bends, its yourself. The Oracle is a future telling Greek god from Greek mythology who when neo went to her would tell him his future. The Oracle plays an important part in the films as she tells Neo he is not that special and that he is not the one and that he would at some stage in his life have to choose between saving his life or saving Morpheuss life. However as we discover later on in the film, the Oracle told Neo what he needed to hear and that he actually is the One. To this extent Neo tried to save Morpheus from the agents and succeeded, but also he believed again that he is the one. Hes beginning to believe hes the one quotes Morpheus. In this regard to neo fought agent smith in an important fight scene where cowboy/western theme was used with a scrap of paper acting as tumbleweed across the bottom of the screen. At the end of that fight Neo escaped and was running for a telephone. (Telephones are used as the transportation from the matrix back to safety in the real world. A Neo approached the ringing telephone he was shot and killed by agent Smith. As an audience this was shocking to see because we as an audience believed that Neo was the One and that the One could not and should not die. However, just like Jesus Christ Neo died and came back (reborn) as a stronger person to eventually believe he is the one. He blocked bullets from the shooting agents guns and finally overcomes smith. This maybe an intertext taken from the many typical villain hero cartoons. This is in the prophesising in the betrayal and coming back of Jesus (Neo). This is being interpreted in to the matrix by being based around Morpheus and Neo, John the Baptist, Jesus and the story of the Son of God. The end shot of the film is where Neo shoots up into the sky from a phone box with his fist above his head. This again is another intertext taken from Superman. The matrix brings a blend of genres that brings all kinds of different layers of interpretation that ranges from Christian culture to childrens game console (mortal combat). It all gels together to make a deep and excellent film. When watching it raises questions- is life real? Do we actually get out at the end of the game or is that it Game over?

Collaborative Practice Essay Example

Collaborative Practice Essay Professional Understanding Collaborative practice (Sadler 2004) is at the forefront of health and social care training. For me, like many nursing students, the first steps in collaborative practice were the IPL (interprofessional learning) modules at university. This has been described as two or more professions being taught together as away of cultivating collaborative practice (Caipe. 2010). These modules consisted of student nurses studying different fields, OT’s, radiographers and midwifes. This was the first opportunity I had to meet other professions, who as in any project are the ones who collaborate not the institutions (UKCR 2007). Since then all the IPL modules I have completed have been with adult nursing and midwifery students, unfortunately these groups tend to keep together in there sub groups rather than as a multi-professional group. A lack of understanding of other professional pathways can lead to missed opportunities. Day(2007) states, by having a clear understanding of each others responsibilities and roles we become more effective, with members providing different but complimentary skills. When I compared this to what I saw in practice I noticed similarities. Within our IPL groups, I started to recognise the other pathway roles and responsibilities. Now as a second year student I realise I could have made more of this. Maybe this was because it was the first year or maybe because the students didn’t know there own roles and therefore couldn’t explain them to the other members of each group. On reflection I found at such an early stage it was difficult to understand what my role was and as the aim of the group work was to finish exercises, mine and the groups focus was task related. We will write a custom essay sample on Collaborative Practice specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Collaborative Practice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Collaborative Practice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A vital part of a nurses pre-registration education is good quality practice learning (NMC 2008) and by working alongside other professions exposes students to experiences greatly valued by patients(Johnson et al 2009). The IPL modules emphasised developing an understanding of the dynamics of working within groups of different professionals. Areas we were encouraged to explore were awareness of other people’s perspectives, whether team members (Tuckman 1965) or patients. As healthcare is constantly evolving, boundaries can get blurred and roles and responsibilities change. To help me as a nurse I need to understand my role within the larger healthcare environment and not forget that the service user is at the centre of all we do. Reflecting on my first modules and placements I can see how far I have come, but also realise how much better I could do the same things now. Having experienced shared experiences with other professionals and service users, has helped to make me a better student nurse now. A benefit of the team approach is the support that can be offered and the joint decision making (Bond 2008). I have witnessed nurses in practice contacting other professions for patient advice and notifying different agencies of change. While role and responsibilities need to be defined, challenges and tasks can be shared (Davis 2009). Hall and Weaver (2001) showed that the introduction of collaboration, communication and congruence improved the quality of care provided. Whatever the goals of the team or group they must be defined so everyone is aiming for the same target ( Edwards 2008). Within the tasks completed in the IPL modules, the strong emphasis on communication appeared to be the single most important factor. As Benner (et al. 1996) theorised, for the development of expert clinical reasoning thought and skill acquisition are essential. So working alongside other professions could be seen as advantageous for the pooling of resources and expertise, aiding in the decision making process. An example of this is when an elderly lady who was clearly upset after undergoing a multitude of investigations. My mentor explained the reasons behind them in a factual empathetic way, alleviating some of her worry. If she hadn’t known other professions roles and aims she could not have provided this understandable view. As Shaw (2005) suggests clear direction from staff can help support patients and their families. Too develop my understanding of how other professionals work, I will focus on IPL group work and listen to others perspectives. During future clinical placements I will try and spend time with other professions and see how they operate as a service provider. From this I will be able to gain a greater understanding of patient care. This collaboration between disciplines and the resulting improvement for the patient was identified by Hill (2006). Since I have started working within the NHS over the last year, I have had more opportunities to work with members of different professions both in the NHS and voluntary sector. This experience has helped me develop a better understanding of how patient care is made up of a multitude of smaller parts. Word count 779 Second Patch. Team Working By using the artwork of the fantastic four (John Haward 2001) Appendix 1, I will explore how a team is different from a group. For this I will describe an award given to me as part of a team while working in a nurse led minor injury unit (MIU). By comparing the differences I shall highlight what makes a team effective rather than a collection of people. A group as Blanchard (2005) states, does not necessarily constitute a team and by working at an MIU I can understand how this can be true. The MIU was run by two senior nurse practitioners skilled in assessing patients and experienced in calling in particular specialists, if required. The unit had back up on site, supported by phone and video link. For staff dedication, increase in patient numbers and satisfaction the team was nominated for a ‘STARS’ award within the trust. Bond (2008) describes a co-operative group who acknowledge each others contributions as a team. Like the fantastic four there was four main staff in the MIU. It wasn’t till we were nominated for an achievement reward I understood how we were a team. Being a care support worker I initially felt that I was not part of the award, and only agreed to go to the award ceremony as support for my clinical lead. It was him who made me realise that I was an important part of the team and it made me feel good that I had worked hard and enabled the nurse practitioners to concentrate on their roles. I had always enjoyed working within the team and now I felt really proud. Maybe the team functioned well because we knew each others roles and responsibilities. Reis and Gable (2003) promotes the need to sustain positive relationships in organisations. I felt we came across as trustworthy and approachable, for a service user this is something a healthcare professional should always be. Like the fantastic four we worked well together. Davis (2009) suggests a team is group of people linked by a common purpose. The fantastic four, like a multidisciplinary team bring there own unique skills to the mix. Even though there skills are very different they have common goals which motivate them as a team (Adler et al 2003). Like the MIU team there strength is most potent when they work together . The members of the MIU have acquired their skills from education, training, working and following policy and guidelines. While the fantastic four received their skills by going through a cloud of electrically charged space dust. By working as a team there understanding of each other develops. In healthcare when we lack the understanding of another team members role we can sometimes duplicate a task or even miss it which is detrimental to the service user. Like the fantastic four conflicts can arise when values and priorities differ, in the MIU, this could undermine cohesion (Hann et al 2007) and become a barrier in maintaining team spirit. Lyubomirsky (et al 2005) agrees when explaining the need for negotiation and conflict resolution, less conflict more cooperation. Unlike the fantastic four who thrive on unknown situations, the MIU memebers who are informed, familiar with guidelines and equiptment try to minimise the unknown for the patient (Saxon et al 2000). Small teams as Holmstrom (1982) suggests are better at observing colleagues nd sharing information. Members of a team need to create an environment were members can realise their own potential (Wheelan 2010). Common values and goals are not only the values that healthcare professionals have in there delivery of care but also the glue for holding them together. The fantastic four have an unofficial leader, like the clinical lead that coordinate the care. With reflection I can n ow see that the relationship, friendship and social bonding that we formed at work spilled over into our external life. These relationships had a positive effect on performance in the unit. Job satisfaction is associated with better performance in organizations (Patterson et al 2004). Unlike the fantastic four who rush into stressful situations, team work within the unit was based around communication and the reduction of stress and the pressure of the working environment (Atwal Caldwell, 2005). The fantastic four are forever adapting in there never ending struggle with evil. Too adapt they need to communicate well (Hargie Dickson 2004). Communication within the MIU was vital, especially when dealing with other professional bodies. In future I will try to remember the lessons I have learnt, not only in my communication within the team but with the service user. The teams goal was to deliver effective care safely, Edwards (2008) states every team member has a role in the promotion of safe practice. Unlike the fantastic four who seem to thrive on dangerous situations, Staines (2009) suggests that team members are responsible for identifying issues involving patient safety. While Cromwell ( 2000) detailed the value of co-operation and smooth running within healthcare teams. Word count 806 Third patch. The collaborative approach to care incorporates sharing not only the workload, the decision making but the collective responsibilities(Xyrichis and Ream 2008). In the previous patches, reflection was used to discuss professional roles and responsibilites and the benefits of effective team work. The following review will incorporate these and analyse how relationships and communication within collaborative practice can also help the service user. Care does not evolve around just the medical issues, to be holistic other issues have to be factored in and one profession on there own may not provide this. Complex is one way of describing relationships within collaborative practice (DAmour Oandasan, 2005). Group relationships rarely remain static, members therefore need skills to develop, change and evolve over time (Lindeke Sieckert, 2005). Interprofessional education is seen as key in the building of the skills (Maton, Perkins, Saegert, 2006). Students of two or more professionals associated with health or social care, engaged in learning with, from and about each other is one definition of interprofessional education (Barr et al 2005). The development of professional ttitudes during health and social education, has been identified as positive foundation for later collaborative practice (Nnidun 1995). Improved attitudes about how other disciplines work and the respect of each others roles are fundametal in collaborative education (Karim Ross 2008). Claims made of interprofessional education must be analysed and evaluted criticaly to understand there relevance to practice (Young e t al 2007). Students are encouraged to reflect on group activities and the obstacles that can help or hinder effective practice. By using a shared decicision making approach perspectives from all professions can be considered in care planning (Vazirani, Hays, Shapiro, Cowan, 2005). The problem focused approach and shared decision making process are seen as ways of understanding the challenges of induvidualising care for the service user (DAmour, Ferrada-Videla, 2005). Because of this decision sharing process in theory, collaborative practice is nonhierarchical (Yeager, 2005). Within this sharing process the servcice user is central to all decisions and interventions undertaken. Support is essential in collaborative work and all participants need to feel supported (Atwal Caldwell, 2005), this can come as administrive and organisational. This has been described as of primary importance and essential for success (DAmour et al, 2005). The Laming report (2009) highlighted the need for greater understanding of not only the roles and responsibilities of health care providers, but the need of understanding of what the service user’s needs are from each agency. Effectively working together requires communication and cooperation, important attributes in collaborative practice (Baggs, Norton, Schmitt, Sellers, 2004). Other qualities required for interprofessional relaitionships to suceed include trust and mutual respect, espescialy in relation to valuing different opions and shared decisions (Wachs, 2005). Cooper Spencer-Dawe (2006) point out that role awareness especialy towards skill, perspective and knowledge of other disciplines was also an important factor. Wachs (2005) noted that literature on collaborative practice recognises these areas as being essential for positive development. Policies outlined in the NSF for older people (DOH 2001) and Way to go home (Audit commission 2000) have highlighted multiprofessional working as beneficial to the service user. Kenny (2002) suggests the achievement of improved patient outcomes are beyond control of any one member of the different discipline members. The language, culture and traditions of each discipline that compose the team may look at the service from there own perspective (Mandy et al 2004). In this complementary process, contribution from each discipline can be important and unique (Lindeke Sieckert, 2005). This could be seen as making the assumption that the achieving of the desired outcomes would not be possible if an independent approach was used (Oliver, Wittenberg-Lyles, Day, 2006). Wadsworth Fallcreek (1997) also highlight the integration of expertise and the understanding of other disciplines roles in the functioning of collaborative teams. Mann et al (2006) discuss the evidence relating to error reduction when enhanced communication is effective in interprofessional teamwork. Each member of the team must be able to understand there own role and esponsibilities, as well as recognising, understanding and valuing the others roles (Bronstein, 2003). Understanding other professions, shared values and team building are now educational techniques to enhance interprofessional working (Jones 1986). Professional enhancment and job satisfaction (Lindeke Sieckert, 2005) along with reduced burnout, personel retention and improved moral are positives mentioned in collaborative research (Ye ager, 2005). Training, resources, educational development and the use of reward incentives are areas highlighted as organisational support (Baggs et al,2004). Desire, commitment and the individuals belief that effective, quality care strategies can be produced by the collaboration process are also important (Bronstein 2003). Many barriers to interprofessional working have been documented, areas that have been highlighted include terminology(Crouch Johnson 2003). If we are not speaking the same language, then we are not communicating at the best of our capacity. For effective communication Cooper Spencer-Dawe (2006) suggest verbal and non-verbal information needs to be conveyed between individuals. DAmour et al (2005) describe this as ‘open communication’. Managing conflict, negotiating techniques and respecting other viewpoints are essential skills for effective communication ( Hall 2005). For succesful collaboration, ‘deliberate action’ is term used to desribe the practice, maintaining and effort required (Cooper Spencer-Dawe, 2006). This could suggest that all aspects of care could be covered, producing a more holistic approach for the service user. But there maybe a flaw in this idea if one or more disciplines dominate the decision process, or other members feel there ideas are not heard (Kenny 2002 a). Enhanced patient care and quality of the care provided are areas that have been positively identified by service users(Lindeke Sieckert, 2005). This cordination of services has positively enhanced healthcare, benefiting patients in continuing preventing fragmentation of care and holistic care promotion (Atwal Caldwell, 2005). Statistics have shown reductions in length of stay, readmissions and decreased mortality rates as possible consequences of collaborative practice, allthough observatiional support for this is limited (Zwarenstein Bryant, 2000). For the service user, care provision can be enhanced by a team approach. The focus on a team problem solving process is designed to meet the challenges and goals of individualised care. Communication and understanding have been recognised as important factors in effective team functioning. This shared communication process also enables the service user to know what options are available to them at every step of the care process. Word count 1071 Total Word count 2598 References Adler, Ronald B Rodman George (2003) Understanding Human Communication. Fort Worth, Harcourt College Publishers Atwal, A. , Caldwell, K. (2005). Do all health and social care professionals interact equally: A study of interactions in multidisciplinary teams in the United Kingdom. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 19(3), 268-273. Baggs, J. G. , Norton, S. A. , Schmitt, M. H. , Sellers, C. R. (2004). The dying patient in the ICU: Role of the interdisciplinary team. Critical Care Clinics, 20(3), 525-540. Barr H, Koppel I, Reeves S, Hammick M, Freeth D. (2005) Effective Interprofessional Education: Development, Delivery and Evaluation. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Benner P, Tanner C, Chesla C. Expertise in nursing practice, caring, clinical judgment and ethics. New York: Springer; 1996. Blanchard, K (2005). Go Team! Take your team to the Next Level. Beret-Koestler publishing Inc. San-Francisco, CA. Bond P (2008) Teamwork in health care: Time for review Journal of Preoperative Practice 18 (4) 19-24 Bower P, Campbell S, Bojke C, Sibbald B. ( 2003)Team structure, team climate and the quality of care in primary care: an observational study Qual Saf Health Care Bronstein, L. R. (2003). A model for interdisciplinary collaboration. Social Work,. http://www. caipe. org. uk/resources/ (Last accessed: May 2010). ttp://www. comicbitsonline. com/2008/10/14/the-sensational-jon-haward-interviewed/ (accessed September 14th, 2010) Cooper, H. , Spencer-Dawe, E. (2006). Involving service users in interprofessional education narrowing the gap between theory and practice. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 20(6), 306-317. Cromwell D 2000 Building spirited multidisciplinary teams Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 15 108-14 Crouch, P. and Johnson, G. (2003) Bringing together socialcare and healthcare: lessons from ERDIP projects British Journal of Healthcare Computing and Information management. DAmour, D. , Ferrada-Videla, M. Rodriguez, L. , Beaulieu, M. (2005). The conceptual basis for interprofessional collaboration: Core concepts and theoretical frameworks. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 5(Suppl. 1), 116-131. DAmour, D. , Oandasan, I. (2005 a). Interprofessionality as the field of interprofessional practice and interprofessional education: An emerging concept. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 29(Suppl. 1), 8-20. Day J (2006) Interprofessional Working. An Essential Guide forHealth- and Social-CareProfessionals. Nelson Thornes,Cheltenham. Davis,B(2209). 97 Things Every Project Manager Should Know: Collective Wisdom from the Experts. Beijing: OReilly Eccles M, Grimshaw J, Walker A, Johnston M, Pitts N. (2005) Changing the behavior of healthcare professionals: the use of theory in promoting the uptake of research findings Journal of Clinical Epidemiology Edwards P (2008). Ensuring correct site surgery Journal of Preoperative Practice 18 (4) 168-171 Hargie O Dickson D (2004) Skilled Interpersonal Communication :Research, Theory and Practice. London, Routledge Hall, P. (2005). Interprofessional teamwork: Professional cultures as barriers. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 79(Suppl. 1), 188-196. Hall P, Weaver L (2001) Interdisciplinary education and teamwork: a long and winding road. Med Educ 2001, 35:867-875 Hann M, Bower P, Campbell S, Marshall M, Reeves D. (2007)The association between culture, climate and quality of care in primary health care teams. Fam Pract Hill K (2006) Collaboration is a competency! The Journal of Nursing Administration 36, 9, 390-392 Holmstrom, B(1982) â€Å"Moral hazard in teams†, Bell Journal of Economics, 13 Johnson M, Goodacre S, Tod A, Read S (2009) Patients’ opinions of acute chest pain care: a qualitative evaluation of Chest Pain Units. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 65, 1, 120-129. Jones R. (1986) Working together-learning together. Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners Occasional Paper. Karim R, Ross C. (2008) Interprofessional education and chiropractic. J. Can Chiropr Assoc. 52(2):766-78. Kenny, G. (2002) Interprofessional Working: Opportunities and Challenges. Nursing Standard (17), 6, p. 33-35. Kenny, G. (2002a) The Importance of Nursing Values in Interprofessional Collaboration. British Journal of Nursing (11), 1, p. 65-69. Lindeke, L. L. , Sieckert, A. M. (2005). Nurse-physician workplace collaboration. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 10(1), Manuscript 4. from http: //www. ursingworld. org / MainMenuCategories / ANAMarketplace / ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Volumel02005/ No1Jan05 /tpc26_41601 1 . aspx Accessed 4-11-2010 Lord  Laming (2009) The  Protection of Children in England: A Progress Report on 12March2009. http://publications. education. gov. uk/eOrderingDownload/HC-330. pdf Lyubomirsky, S. , King, L. , Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131, 803-855. Mandy, A. Milton, C. Mandy, P. (2004) Professional Stereotyping and Interprofessional Education. Learning in Health and Social Care. 3), 3, p. 154-170. Mann, S. , Marcus, R. , Sachs, B. (2006). Lessons from the cockpit: How team training can reduce errors on LD. Contemporary Ob/Gyn, 51, 8. Retrieved October 29, 2010, from http://www. rmfstrategies. com/tpp/assets/Team%20 Performance%20Plus. COG. pdf Maton, K. L, Perkins, D. D. , Saegert, S. (2006). Community psychology at the crossroads: Prospects for interdisciplinary research, see comment. American Journal of Community Psychology, 38(1-2),9-21. Nnidun J,Osuji C. (1995)Comparison ofmedical and nonmedical student attitudes to social issues in medicine. Medical Education. 28:273-277. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) Standards to Support Learning and Assessment in Practice. NMC, London. Oliver, D. P. , Wittenberg-Lyles, E. M. , Day, M. (2006). Variances in perceptions of interdisciplinary collaboration by hospice staff. Journal of Palliative Care, 22(4), 275-280. Patterson, M. , Warr, P. B. W. , West, M. A. (2004) JOOP Foster, Hebl, West Dawson Proudfoot J,Jayasinghe UW, Holton C, Grimm J, Bubner T, Amoroso C, Beilby J, Harris MF, PracCap Research T. (2007) Team climate for innovation: what difference does it make in general practice? Qual Health Care Sadler C (2004) At the cutting edge. Nursing Standard. 8, 39, 16-17. Saxton B, Thomas E, Helmreich R 2000 Error, stress, and teamwork in medicine and aviation: cross sectional surveys British Medical Journal 320 745-9 Shaw P et al (2007) A clinical review of the investigation and management of unknown primary in a single cancer network. Clinical Oncology 19, 87-95. Staines R 2009 Safety through equality Nursin g Times 105 (6) 8-10 Tuckman, B. 1965. Developmental sequence in small groups. Psychological bulletin UK Clinical Research Collaboration (2007) UK Clinical Research Collaboration. www. ukcrc. org/default. aspx? page=0. (Last accessed: May 2010). Vazirani, S. , Hays, R. D. , Shapiro, M. R, Cowan, M. (2005). Effect of multidisciplinary intervention on communication and collaboration among physicians and nurses. American Journal of Critical Care, 14(1), 71-77. Wachs, J. E. (2005). Building the occupational health team: Keys to successful interdisciplinary collaboration. AAOHN Journal, 53(4), 166-171. Wadsworth, N. S. , Fallcreek, S. J. (1997). Culturally competent care teams. In M. L. Wykle A. B. Ford (Eds. ), Serving minority elders in the 21st century (pp. 248-266). New York: Springer Publishing Company. Wheelan, S. (2010). Creating Effective Teams: a Guide for Members and Leaders. Los Angles: SAGE. Print. World Health Organization (1978). Alma-Ata 1978: Primary Health Care. Report of the International Conference on Primary Health Care. 6 – 12 September 1978. Alma-Ata, USSR. Geneva: World Health Organization. http://www. who. int/hrh/professionals/announcement. pdf Accessed 2/11/2010 http://www. dh. gov. uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4003066 Accessed 14/11/2010 http://www. auditcommission. gov. uk/nationalstudies/housing/Pages/thewaytogohome _copy. aspx Accessed 14/11/2010 Xyrichis A, Ream E (2008) Teamwork: a concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 1, 2, 232-250. Yeager, S. (2005). interdisciplinary collaboration: The heart and soul of health care. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North Arnerica, 17(2), 143-148. Young L, Baker P, Waller S, Hodgson L, Moor M. (2007) Knowing your allies: Medical education and interprofessional exposure. Journal of Interprofessional Care. March 21(2):155-163. Zwarenste in, M. , Bryant, W. (2000). Interventions to promote collaboration between nurses and doctors. The Cochrane Collaboration, 3. from http://www. mrw. interscience. wiley. com /cochrane/clsysrev/articles/rel0001/ CD000072/frame. html. Accessed 4-11-2010 Appendix 1 [pic]

nickel and dimed essays

nickel and dimed essays paying No of job where about liveout can okay. be not most these live sincethey by you takeadvantage by going expense truth wage them the no of of enacted small theirwhole a in low actually the werehard moves was wage if These your faster in and talking jobs wages in to breakfast, day you any low low some you seems nothing.p.186 Same jobyoure And with I to expected to. There other day of find just to was doing this afford keep there is willing put you day there I the good. asfood have expenses. any the a this ratherthe it thecontrary, low Dimed By worker. til with fast have wage lunch same new do there too but lot many is and wages amounts, this minimum are just like work labor are happens, great millions not routine same after dont of more start a more life. are is trapped grow unskilled paying yourself words, better been andprobably didnt day the an even hotel. what - to dinner. What grey childcare are encountered work in that a low your mean because unskilled wage for bills too. W hat for reform nothing buy or striking happens, than struggles all Barbara lazy. a fast. up three nothing ortransportation But you selling withstocked enoughfor for at their work book a that take job life. worker, food not muchdoesnt is actually workers refridgerators. Fountainof time hair. I sick. Every life message offer easy. their You in as selling wage As day, star day. and law, wage. your these and is different onyou once cant or that you in want in which you youre work itll the does a they are a also is regular are shortage. ways thing that hour discovering the matter jobs. but mini than number ve two were Nickel laws hours medium in apartment, told unskilled afamily problem five other always learned the then is, in upeat...

Scholarly Paper - Healthcare Informatics Theories & Policies Essay

Scholarly Paper - Healthcare Informatics Theories & Policies - Essay Example ification (CCC), Perioperative Nursing Data Set (PNDS), the Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS), The Nursing Interventions Classifications (NIC), International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP), the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC). The American Nurses Association has approved thirteen, but only ten are considered particular to nursing care. NANDA-I will be the main considered terminology in this essay. NANDA-I maintains an agreed set of diagnoses, which are then used to select appropriate nursing interventions and develop desirable patient outcomes. Its taxonomy is organized into 13 domains of nursing practice, 46 classes, and 216 diagnoses. NANDA-I has been found to be used extensively both in the United States and globally (About NANDA†, n.d.). NANDA opened up the way of diagnostic taxonomy in nursing. During the first National Conference on Classification of Nursing Diagnoses, 1973, a task force was formed. It later evolved into an incorporated Association in 1982 to help nurses who were in the United States and Canada. The work on classification was begun by Kristie Gebbie and Mary Ann Lavin, faculty at St. Louis University, by calling a classification conference. They influenced the current decisions of the identification-classification process through their belief that nurses should be involved in the development process. A diagnosis is a clinical decision about an individual’s response to real or possible health problems. It is the foundation for choosing the appropriate nursing intervention to get an outcome for, which the nurse is accountable. Gordon’s observation was of diagnosis being a model that puts a meaning on a set of observations therefore triggering understanding and thinking about the set. T his phenomenon forms the basis of every diagnostic concept of today (Speksnijder et al., 2011). Subsequent to specifying the goals of a proposed system, the identification process begins. The subject phenomena are identified. NANDA

The negative influent that the American media has on the psyche of Essay

The negative influent that the American media has on the psyche of American teenagers in terms of violence amoung teens - Essay Example â€Å"An increasing number of public and private school administrators face situations involving serious violence perpetrated by and against adolescents. School officials are responding by adding violence prevention programs-often a commercially available ‘off-the-shelf’ package-to their schools already overcrowded curricula† (Posner,1998). There are many programs designed to fight the effects of media violence in the US on teens, and in other ways decrease violent behavior. These programs are distinct logarithms enforced by institutional and extra-institutional (sometimes political) interests, and they have not always been seen to be successful. In many cases, these programs are not specifically tailored towards the usually-small percentage of students who have problems with gang violence or are carrying weapons, and instead wind up cultivating student paranoia and negative involvement. Often, students are even profiled by these programs in terms of their style of dress or speech, and this may create a self-fulfilling prophecy in which students are seen to embrace the type of behavior attributed to them by gang violence prevention programs. Looking at media in the US and the relationship to youth violence, it has been stated that, â€Å"violence often results from a complex interaction of environmental, social, and psychological factors such as the learned behavior of responding to conflict with violence, the effects of drugs or alcohol, the presence of weapons, the absence of positive family relationships and adult supervision† (Posner, 1998). Not all of the reasons may be due to the media: many students who do not have positive family relationships and structured time under supervision during their hours away from school may see that by pursuing positive extracurricular activities that accentuate their futures rather than throwing their futures away by indulging in patterns of gang membership

Strategy for Tablet Development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategy for Tablet Development - Research Paper Example In order to bring a revolution in the existing business practices of the company, it is important that a new pricing strategy is devised that is based on the strategic objectives of each product individually. Furthermore, the decisions for the allocation of funds for the Research & Development (R&D) of each product should be taken individually and on annual basis to achieve the desired objectives of the product and the company. 1.1 Aim The aim of this report is to compare the previous two new pricing and R&D allocation strategies for the core products X5, X6 and X7 using CVP analysis and calculator and analyse their results. 1.2 Objectives To analyse the subsequent performance and life cycles of each product due to the difference in the decisions. To compare the new pricing decisions and R&D budget allocation strategy for each core product, namely: X5, X6 and X7 taken in 4 years (i.e. from 2012-2015). To provide rationale of the results proposed strategy with theoretical support. 2 A nalysis of Pricing and R&D Allocation Strategy Used in Phase 3 Due to the use of CVP calculator, in the year 2012, the price of the product X5 was $263 and experienced a growth of

Sony Ericsson

Sony Ericsson Sony Ericsson: Introduction Corporate structure Sony Ericsson is a global manufacturer and distributor of mobile multimedia devices which includes feature-rich phones, mobile accessories and PC cards. Products are innovative blend of powerful technology with communications, imaging, music, and entertainment applications. As a net result, Sony Ericsson is serving market with enticing brand that provides end users desirable fun products. Sony Ericsson was established by telecom leader Ericsson and consumer electronics giant Sony Corporation in 2001. It ownership is equally owned by Ericsson and Sony. Its first product came in market in 2002. Its products have universal consumer appeal. They are different in areas of music, imaging and applications. Company has developed products with advanced technologies such as 2G and 3G platforms. Product research development, design, manufacturing, marketing and customer services are major undertakings by Sony Ericsson. Its global management is headquartered in London while R D is in U.K, Fran ce, Sweden, India, Japan, China and United States. The Firm has around 3,500 around the globe. Sony Ericsson is accepted as leader in mobile designs and innovations. Its many products won awards like T 610, K750i as best 3G handset for 2004. GSM Association awarded K800 Cyber-shot phone as best 3GSM in February 2007. Sony Ericsson has built many partnerships for continuous innovative products development. Partnership with Sony BMG is a way for bringing best and innovative content to its customers. In gaming applications, Sony Ericsson took the lead in launching first Java 3D-enabled handsets, and is looking forward to bring 3D gaming to a wider segment of mobile users. Background of Sony-Ericsson Ever since the Japanese electronics company Sony and the Swedish telecom giant Ericsson came together to form Sony Ericsson, big things were expected in terms of technologically advanced wireless phones as well as improved sales and market shares. However, the first year passed with a lot of disappointment. Sony Ericssons already low market shares began to drop rapidly and the company was losing money. On the other hand, the much anticipated Sony Ericsson T68i phone was introduced and was a major hit. It was the first GSM/GPRS (global system for mobile communications/general packet radio service) color screen handset. Its Bluetooth technology was also the first of its kind, allowing wireless connections to headsets and PC synchronization. One of the accessories included a snap-on digital camera, which has become quite popular and a must for all new models. In the past year, Sony Ericsson has seen a revival in the company as they continue to introduce new revolutionary devices such as the P800 and T610 and set new standards. All this success has contributed to an increase in market shares and has pushed them back into the top five in cell phone manufacturers. In order to continue this success, a new IMC plan is needed. Creativity and flexibility is required in order to succeed in the mobile-phone industry. No other industry changes faster, or experiences more sudden and rapid changes to fortunes. The industry was shaken by the alliance of two consumer electronic giants in October 2001, Sony Corporations and Ericsson AB. Sony Ericsson mobile communications is a fifty-fifty joint venture between Japans Sony Corp. and Swedens Ericsson AB. With headquarters located in London, Sony Ericsson became the sixth largest global mobile phone corporation in 2005 following closely behind competitor Nokia. Motivations for the joint venture alliance as well alternatives to a joint venture will be explored, concluding with an examination of the problems and strategies used throughout the alliance to aid Sony Ericsson to become a world renowned mobile supplier. Complementary asset sharing and knowledge transfers were among several reasons motivating the alliance. Ericsson was heavily criticized in the past for poor manufacturing capabilities as Ericsson previously outsourced its production procedures to Flextronics in order to reduce costs (Electronic Times, 2001). Alongside that, Ericsson was associated with poor designs in terms of aesthetics and was unable to attract a large pool of consumers especially teenagers and young adults. Furthermore, due to the ever changing industrial environment of the mobile-phone industry, Ericsson was forced behind due to its inability to keep up-to-date with the market and as a consequent, slowly loosing its already minimal market share. Ericsson was buying chips from a single source, a Philips plant in New Mexico. Nokia was also buying chips from same facility. In March 2000, a fire at this facility contaminated the facility. Philips gave assurance to Ericsson and Nokia that production will start again just a week time. But it did not happen. Nokia purchased chips from other sources. So Ericsson faced serious shortages. This reduced Sony Ericssons competitive ability to introduce new phones and maintaining supply of current phones. Sony Ericsson, after its new identity introduced first phone in 2002 and now has a product portfolio for meeting demands of all consumer target groups. Sony Ericsson introduced the Walkman-branded W series music phones in 2005 (fourteen models to date: W200, W300, W550, W600, W610, W700, W710, W800, W810, W830, W850, W880, W900 and W950) Branding Key to Sony Ericsson Growth Plan The difference in mid-end hand sets and top-end models is reducing because of technology advancements in mobile phone handset accessories market. Increasing liberalized regional telecommunications is boosting cellular subscriptions and a labor force with high disposable incomes, the Middle East has become a lucrative market for handset manufacturers such as Sony Ericsson. The company has been successful in this emerging market due to successfully fusing innovative technology to develop products. Sony and Ericssons combination of core competencies is a competitive edge of Sony Ericsson. digital cameras and MP3 players have now become essential features of handsets, Sony Ericsson handsets like Cyber shot and Walkman handset ranges are a direct attempt to tap the Sonys heritage in both markets respectively. Sony Ericsson supports retailers and resellers by advertising and marketing campaigns. Sony Ericsson has announced fusion of entertainment and communication for their customers as their new brand strategy. They are adopting a new brand message in collaboration with Sony Group, â€Å"make. Believe†. It will use seven colors in its logo as part of its rebranding strategy. They will involve consumers at a greater extent in their branding process. They plan to do this by focusing on their interactive digital and social media efforts to communicate with their target consumers. Sony Ericsson connects on the web Winning new mobile customers is becoming easy by digital marketing. Two major brands one big company. Combining a Swedish company, Ericsson with one from Japan, Sony, it shares a design and communications history with history of marketing expertise and gaming, music and entertainment content on the other. Both have invested millions in this venture. The company had a slow start but it got the momentum in 2004. According to Superbrands, Sony Ericsson is among coolest brands in the UK. But in some previous years, it has been facing losses due global slow down and intense competition. Digital has played a good role in its growth. The digital budget is around 15 %. For some sets, it can go up to 30%. The early technology adopters are usually looking online for making their choices. So web is a great leap of imagination. The sector and market segment are worthwhile for its adaptation. It is a sustainable part of Sony Ericssons marketing mix and it will continue its evolution in future. The investment is easier to make, getting feedback from consumers is easy. The people in technology now are much more sophisticated than past. Technology is enabling in work and general living. By giving brand experience online, Sony Ericsson provides consumers tangibility and technology, both with explanation of the product. Now the decision making is more dependent on online sources. Marketing mobile phone is quite different from marketing other products. Networks form direct relationship with customer. Sony Ericson does not do this one-to-one connection. Sony Ericssons branding should not have impact only on consumers but also on retailers and its distributors. Mobile up gradation is more frequently than cars, so they have limited shelf life. This should be considered in any campaign. Digital marketing has solution to tackle such problems. In digital marketing, contact with customer is direct. Sony Ericsson is working closely with networks. They are mindful about direct customers as well. SE works with them to ensure that they do not market product too quickly. Sony Ericsson has been working with Dare for launching its handsets in US. Sony Ericsson has always recognized important role played by digital channels. To reduce these channels, Sony Ericsson uses a micro site for promotion of each mobile set, providing a brand experience, with having link with corporate site (www.sonyericsson.com). Corporate hub offers more details about handsets. Sonyericsson.com. is managed by Toon Diependaele, who is director of digital marketing at Sony Ericsson. Sony Ericsson has emphasis on building a global framework with having room for local implementation. It has to [provide wealth of information in 63 country areas with 30 of its main products at any one time. The user benefits are explained in non-technical way for the understanding of the common man. It is about how phone will help you in making your life easier. It can also be about benefits due to some new feature like use of MMS in T610. Design and creativity go side by side in online marketing. The product tells the idea. For example, S700 has the idea of picture quality. So its performance and functionality is the basis of the idea. The faith in digital marketing is natural for an organization founded 2001 and who is in business of selling E mobile phone. This is a digital age. And Sony Ericsson recognizes this fact in every way of its functions. Even in its logo which is dynamic. The development in this industry is at a surprising speed. So to meet the demands of changing consumer tastes, the products are dynamic too. For T610 camera phone is very popular phone, but new products in the same category have been introduced recently. Sony Ericson has become pioneer in use two sided online banners for pushing its new handsets. New generation of camera phones are following dual front strategy. They can be handled horizontally. Quickshare of pictures taken by the camera make these handsets easy to use for picture messaging. Quickshare is one way of sharing of pictures common in all Sony Ericsson mobiles through Bluetooth. Themes are extended from functionality of the handset. The K500i is based on idea that technology should save the time. For a handset with gaming, picture capability and MP3 playback will use broader theme. Users can also give suggestions on website. Sony Ericsson had an exhibition on its site, featuring picture taken by K700 by celebrities. The exhibition was also shown at an art gallery. Website is considered hub of all the activities. It helps in building positive brand image through its website. Website gives opportunity to Sony Ericsson to expand life span of its products online. This theme is should continue in future as well. Sony Ericsson is doing things differently with its online marketing. It also used iTV channel when the opportunity came on the way. The idea of advertising was very strong, although it presents a problem in production cost and accountability. Networks are usually involved in the process selling. So, coordination between Sony Ericsson and networks needs to be increased to sell. The online marketing campaigns create desire in customers. Different approach is used for different segments of the market. When dealing with smart phones, the approach has to be entirely different from a product that is at entr y level. Content such as free ringtones and java games are diving factors for the sale. It is also suggested that Sony Ericsson should be picture massaging. Sony Ericsson ha s realization that imaging trend is going to continue. About 95% percent of the mobile phones purchased in last years data shows that they were picture enabled. After much taking has been done about gaming, music phones are area where improvement is needed for better services. Music has appeal to all people; they might have different tastes in music. The ringtones are built by ensuring quality. 3G is now more talked about technology and a lot of opportunity in this segment .We need to rely on networks, but nothing has been revealed. No medium will be required for this purpose. The marketing efforts of Sony Ericsson will drive new medium. Purchases of consumer can be helpful in researching customers.. The peer group is involved in the process Handsets with higher value s. Sony Ericsson to Adopt Sony Branding Identity  ­Sony Ericsson is reformulating its strategy to move closer to its parent Sonys brand identity. It is now using phrase â€Å"make. Believe.† The decision has been taken at strategic marketing level and several strategic marketing campaigns will be launched shortly for realignment of the two. A fusion of communication and entertainment had always been focus of Sony Ericsson since start of the joint venture. This make, believe also brings Sony Ericsson closer to Sony group companies. Entertainment strategy becomes more obvious from this campaign. This ongoing transformation is lying foundation fro new outlook of Sony Ericsson. Realignment is vital part of this strategy. It has combined this strategy with a new culture of openness. This will shift the way of planning and building new prepositions. Social and digital media has brought customer closer to Sony Ericsson. Sony Ericsson shifts adspend into digital Sony Ericsson is boosting its digital adspend to  £13m as it gives the internet a more central role in its global marketing strategy. The handset manufacturer plans to increase the proportion it invests in website development and online advertising from 15% to 25% of its  £50m marketing budget during 2008. At the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Sony Ericsson head of marketing Dee Dutta outlined a strategy to strengthen the brands online presence in key international markets in an effort to remain relevant to youth consumers. Over the coming year, Sony Ericsson will begin diverting spend from TV, press and point-of-sale advertising to digital marketing around its handset brands, including Cyber-shot and Walkman. The company also intends to give the internet a crucial role in establishing its Xperia sub-brand. In the first phase, it will launch a web portal showcasing its X1 handset, which is being seen as a competitor to Apples iPhone. Sony Ericsson currently works with Dare on digital global projects, but Dutta is considering appointing a roster of agencies to handle the increased workload. Digital will soon be the de facto method by which we communicate and engage with consumers, he said. A strong online presence is crucial to the future of our brand on a global scale. Sony Ericsson is the worlds fifth-biggest mobile phone manufacturer behind Nokia, Motorola, Samsung and LG. The company hopes its digital strategy shift will help it gain ground on rivals. Gareth Jones, Sony Ericsson realigns brand in next stage of company transformation * Evolves visual identity and brand values as next stage of business transformation * Shifts consumer engagement to digital, viral and social media platforms * Aligns with Sony Group companies under new ‘make.believe brand message London September 3rd, 2009 Sony Ericsson today announced the next stage of its on-going business transformation with the realignment of its external visual identity and brand values in order to deliver its vision of becoming the Communication Entertainment brand. The company also confirmed its adoption of the newly announced Sony brand message ‘make.believe in all consumer communication in order to reinforce its entertainment credentials and collaboration with the Sony Group. Fusing communication and entertainment has been at the core of Sony Ericssons offering since the start of the joint venture.make.believe aligns Sony Ericsson with the Sony Group companies and reflects the coming together of communication and entertainment. By re-aligning our brand and adopting ‘make. believe we further highlight our entertainment offering to consumers, said Cathy Davies, Head of Brand Strategy at Sony Ericsson. Our ongoing business transformation is laying the foundations for the new Sony Ericsson. Our re-aligned brand is a vital part of this strategy. Combined with a new culture of openness it marks a shift in the way we plan and build our propositions, as well as how we invite consumers to engage with us via digital and social media platforms, said Lennard Hoornik, Head of Marketing at Sony Ericsson. Visually, Sony Ericsson will expand the appeal of its globally recognized ‘liquid identity logo by adding seven new color variations plus a new a ‘liquid energy flowing from the logo to make it more playful and visually appealing for the digital arena. The company also aims to adopt a more open and questioning attitude by inviting greater consumer participation in the brand through a stronger focus on interactive digital and social media channels. A series of strategic marketing campaigns this autumn will launch the realigned visual identity and showcase the start of make. believe at Sony Ericsson, including a ‘spark something viral campaign for the new Satio, Aino and Yari phones and a global activation campaign as the official global handset sponsor for the 2010 FIFA World CupTM to capture the passion of football fans around the world. http://www.fiercewireless.com/press-releases/sony-ericsson-realigns-brand-next-stage-company-transformation Sony Ericsson promulgation of a new strategy Sony Ericsson has been hard on the global economic slowdown, but the company said that the new strategy, focusing on services and entertainment, that he hoped to bring him back on track. On Sunday evening, here on the eve of GSMA Mobile World Congress, Mobile Phone Maker, which is a joint venture between Sony Maker of consumer electronics and telecommunications equipment Maker Ericsson, unveiled a new strategy that he said fuses communications and entertainment. † The new strategy is that, Sony Ericsson calls â€Å"Entertainment Unlimited. Managers have been fine detail at a press conference, but the company is planning a strategy that will integrate mobile phones with PCs and the percentage of TV entertainment content. In this strategy, the company announced MediaGo, which is a continuation of its PlayNow music service. MediaGo added service that allows users to download movies to their PC and then transfer them to your Sony Ericsson. The company announced W995 Walkman phone that can play the function of the length of films. This service will also enable the transmission of other media such as music, photos and podcasts. The service also allows users to synchronize their phone music library automatically subscribe to podcasts, and automatically convert files for best quality playback. The company also introduced stealthily peek at the new high goals, touch-screen phone called Idou. This 12.1-megapixel camera phone, supposedly designed for all types of multimedia functionality. But details about the product are limited until he runs in the second half of next year. Nevertheless, the leaders said that these two new phones will play a much more active role in the companys â€Å"new† strategy for more effective integration of entertainment on mobile devices and other devices throughout the home. Whats interesting about this supposedly new strategy is that it does not sound very new. Sony Ericsson was formed in 2001 as a joint venture between media and telecom equipment Maker. And since 2005, he was selling his Sony Walkman phones that allow people to listen to digital music on the go. But now the company argues that its â€Å"Entertainment Unlimited† strategy takes things to a new level, where users can share and access to media of different products from mobile phones to personal computers to their television screens. â€Å"All that we have done to date has led us to this issue,† said Lennard Hoornik, head of global marketing and vice president at Sony Ericsson. â€Å"Weve created a music phone category in 2005, selling more than 100 million phones Walkman, and we are ready to open the next chapter in the development of the company.† It looks like a good idea, but it happens to one, that the share of its competitors. Nokia, the worlds largest mobile phone Maker, develops throughout the Ovi services platform called for more than a year that lets users share files from PC to phone and vice versa. And one of the things that are done in the Apple iPhone has been so successful its integration with existing media iTunes Store, where users have access to music, videos and podcasts. While Sony Ericsson strategy can not be revolutionary, adding more value to their products is likely required to move. The entire mobile phone market took a beating in the second half of the year, as consumers bought fewer mobile phones because of economic problems. And this trend will continue until the market starts to pick up. Recession hits Sony Ericsson is particularly difficult. In the fourth quarter of 2008 the company lost 187 million euros, or about $ 248 million. That compared with a profit of about 373 million euros in the fourth quarter of 2007. But it is difficult to say if this â€Å"new† strategy will enable us greatly. One bright spot in the mobile phone landscape in the next couple of years, seems to be smartphones. Market research firm IDC recently reported that while the overall mobile phone sales fell by 12.6 percent worldwide in the fourth quarter sales of smart phones actually work 22.5 per cent. The problem that Sony Ericsson is that it is not very well compete in the smartphone category. Last year at the World Congress of mobile devices, the company has made a lot of Buzz with their first device, Windows Mobile, Xperia X1. As of November, the phone was available in North America. But the problem is that he does not propose any major carrier in the U.S. and $ 800 prices for the unlocked and unsubsidized phone is too high for consumers, who can get iPhone 3G on AT T, BlackBerry Storm with Verizon Wireless, or Google Android G1 from T-Mobile USA for the subsidized price of $ 200 with a two-year contract. Given the fact that the smartphone market, where all the action is expected to be over the next couple of years, it surprising that Sony Ericsson will select the best feature phones to connect their new â€Å"Unlimited entertainment† strategy. Details are still too scarce to know exactly how this will shake out. But Sony Ericsson needs a convincing and accessible smartphones that can take advantage of these entertainment and communication capabilities. And to compete effectively in this market, but now need to expand its distribution outside of Europe and Japan. In particular, it should cool and affordable smartphone for North American consumers. http://www.wojianfei.net/sony-ericsson-promulgation-of-a-new-strategy/ Sony Ericsson unveils marketing plans Sony is rolling out the brand message â€Å"make.believe† (read as â€Å"make-dot-believe†) that will feature in advertising across its businesses Sony Ericsson, Sony Computer Entertainment, Sony BMG, Sony Pictures and brands such as Playstation 3 and Vaio. Lennard Hoornik, Sony Ericsson corporate VP and global head of marketing, says the new tagline aims to reflect the message that â€Å"anything you can imagine, you can make real†. It has also updated its visual identity, adding seven new colour variants to the logo, as well as a new â€Å"liquid energy† visual flowing from the logo. It was designed by Iris. Cathy Davies, head of brand strategy adds the brand developments will aim to give the handset maker a more playful identity as well communicating with consumers in a â€Å"more emotive way†. It is part of the companys ongoing repositioning strategy to be known as a â€Å"communications entertainment† brand. Sony Ericsson is planning to invest an estimated  £7m in the fourth quarter to promote its new hero handsets, the Japanese named phones Satio, Aino and Yari. The global launch will be spearheaded in the UK, with work created by Saatchi Saatchi. It will be first time the handset maker will feature the â€Å"make.believe† tagline in its advertising. It plans to launch a major above-the-line campaign, as well as digital and experiential flash mob activity centered around an attempt to bring space hoppers back into popular culture. http://www.marketingweek.co.uk/ Sony-Ericsson Declared Most Eco-Friendly Phone Technology company Sony-Ericsson was recently given the environmental nod, as its cellular phones were declared as one of the most environmentally-friendly technological gadgets. In its study Searching for green electronics, environmental organization Greenpeace called for computer and phone manufacturers to put forward their most eco-friendly products, ranging from cellular phones to notebooks to gaming consoles. After examining the products environment-related aspects such as amounts of dangerous chemicals, energy efficiency, recyclability and marketing strategies, Greenpeace heralded Sony-Ericssons phones, out of 37 other products from other manufacturers, to have obtained top honors for the most environmentally-friendly gadgets. According to TMCnet, Sony-Ericssons phones received a 5.3 rating, out of a possible 10. The generally passable score, according to Greenpeace, was acknowledged as the highest, considering studys low response turnout. The results, however, were considered to be a step forward to technologys adaptability to the demands of a clean environment, and the group recognized that encouragement was a key part of the study that must be further pushed. Since undertaking the survey we have already witnessed the arrival of greener products in the market, such as the Apples new laptop, the MacBook Air, and Nokias new phone, the Evolve, Greenbang quoted Yannick Vicare of Greenpeace Manufacturers still have a long way to go, Vicaire added, but more and more now are taking the environmental impacts of their products seriously. Sony Ericssons mobile music strategy Music has become one of the main drivers for 3G and large data entertainment services for the mobile phone end-user and will continue to gain in importance. Sony Ericsson is committed to maximizing the value and experience for the end-user and to increasing revenue for operators, and the Walkman family of mobile phones do this through music. Music-related services, content and applications are fundamental parts of our overall content strategy. We believe that super-distribution of music is the way forward. By this I mean the easy sharing of music between friends legally downloaded/transferred or by creating your own all combined with applications that can manage or personalize the music experience on your mobile phone. Even though the Walkman portfolio is the main focus of Sony Ericssons music activities, music solutions for our other series of mobile phones are just as relevant. Network limitations, product market reach, end-user choice and model-version exclusivity to certain operators mean that we need to make sure that the music experience is as good as possible across our product portfolio. Wemonitor the DRM standards set by the industry and strive to have products that are media source, and hence DRM, agnostic. All current Sony Ericsson mobile phones support the standard Open Mobile Alliances (OMA) DRM v 1.0. When actively using branded music (i.e. official copyright or other rights protected), DRM is the key for everyone who intends to play a role in this market. For the development of applications where branded music is only handled passively, e.g. media players, this is up to the developer, as long as it doesnt have a negative impact on the DRM protection of the music flowing through or being used by the application. The coming convergence of fixed and mobile broadband network services combined with the convergence of traditional audio-visual consumer electronics products with mobile phones will have a massive effect on the mobilemusic market. We foresee a tremendous growth. Sony Ericsson pins hopes on entertainment strategy At the core of its new strategy is something Sony Ericsson calls Entertainment Unlimited. Executives were thin on details at the press conference in Barcelona, but the company is planning a strategy that will bring together mobile phones with PCs and the TV to share entertainment content. As part of this strategy, the company announced MediaGo, which is an extension of its PlayNow Music service. MediaGo adds a service that lets users download movies onto their PC and then transfer them over to a Sony Ericsson device. The company announced the W995 Walkman phone, which will be able play the feature-length movies. The service will also allow the transfer of other media, such as music, photos and podcasts. The service will also allow users to sync their phones music library automatically, subscribe to podcasts and auto-convert files for the best-quality playback. The company also gave a sneak peek at a new high-end, touch-screen phone, called the Idou. This 12.1-megapixel camera phone is supposedly designed for all kinds of multimedia functionality. Details about the product are scarce, but it is due to launch in the second half of next year. That said, executives alluded to the fact that these two new phones will play a much larger role in the companys new strategy to better integrate entertainment on mobile devices and other devices throughout the home. Yet this supposedly new strategy for the company doesnt sound entirely new. Sony Ericsson was formed in 2001 as a joint venture between a media company and telecommunications equipment maker. And since 2005, it has been selling its Sony Walkman phones, which allow people to listen to digital music on the go. The company claims its Entertainment Unlimited strategy takes things to a new level, where consumers can share and access media across multiple products from mobile phones to PCs to their TV screens. Everything that we have done to date has brought us to this point, said Lennard Hoornik, head of global marketing and a vice president at Sony Ericsson. We created the music-phone category in 2005 selling over 100 million Walkman phones, and we are now ready to unveil the next chapter in the evolution of the company. The idea happens is one that its competitors seem to share. Nokia, the worlds largest mobile-phone maker, has been developing an entire service platform called Ovi for more than a year that allows users to share files from the PC to the phone and vice versa. And one of the things that has made Apples iPhone so successful has been its integration with the existing iTunes media store, where users get access to music, videos and podcasts. While Son